Pembentukan Biofilm pada Vibrio parahaemolyticus yang Resisten terhadap Antibiotik Rifampicin

Moch. Wahyudi Akbar, Dr. Ir. Triyanto, M. Si.

2026 | Skripsi | BUDIDAYA PERIKANAN

Tekanan antibiotik di area budidaya udang dapat memicu munculnya resistensi antibiotik pada Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh resistensi rifampicin terhadap pembentukan biofilm serta karakter fisiologis V. parahaemolyticus pada strain sensitif (PWJ 0 dan BKIPM 0) dan strain resisten (PWJ 250 dan BKIPM 250). Metode pengujian meliputi pembentukan biofilm dengan metode microtiter plate assay, sekresi enzim ekstraseluler dengan metode difusi agar, motilitas dengan metode soft agar, dan hidrofobisitas dengan menggunakan metode BATH (Bacterial Adhesion to Hydrocarbons). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa respons kompensasi biologis bakteri V.  parahaemolyticus akibat  resistensi rifampicin bervariasi antar isolat (isolate-dependent). Resistensi antibiotik rifampicin berpengaruh nyata (P kurang dari 0,05) terhadap pembentukan biofilm pada isolat PWJ, terhadap peningkatan sekresi amilase pada isolat BKIPM, dan terhadap hidrofobisitas permukaan sel pada isolat BKIPM. Karakter fisiologis lainnya yaitu motilitas (swimming motility), sekresi enzim protease, sekresi enzim lipase tidak menunjukkan perbedaan yang nyata (P>0,05) antara isolat sensitif dan resisten rifampicin. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, dapat disimpulkan bahwa respons kompensasi biologis V. parahaemolyticus akibat resistensi rifampicin bersifat tidak spesifik dan bervariasi antar isolat.

Antibiotic pressure in shrimp aquaculture environments can promote the emergence of antibiotic resistance in Vibrio parahaemolyticus. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of rifampicin resistance on biofilm formation and the physiological characteristics of V. parahaemolyticus using rifampicin-sensitive strains (PWJ 0 and BKIPM 0) and rifampicin-resistant strains (PWJ 250 and BKIPM 250). The experimental analyses included biofilm formation using the microtiter plate assay, extracellular enzyme secretion using the agar diffusion method, motility using the soft agar method, and cell surface hydrophobicity using the bacterial adhesion to hydrocarbons (BATH) assay. The results demonstrated that the biological compensatory responses of V. parahaemolyticus to rifampicin resistance were isolate-dependent. Rifampicin resistance significantly affected (P less than 0.05) biofilm formation in the PWJ isolate, increased amylase secretion in the BKIPM isolate, and altered cell surface hydrophobicity in the BKIPM isolate. In contrast, other physiological characteristics, including swimming motility, protease secretion, and lipase secretion, did not differ significantly (P more than 0.05) between rifampicin-sensitive and rifampicin-resistant isolates. In conclusion, the biological compensatory responses of V. parahaemolyticus to rifampicin resistance were non-specific and isolate-dependent.

Kata Kunci : Biofilm, Enzim Ekstraseluler, Hidrofobisitas, Motilitas, Rifampicin, Vibrio parahaemolyticus/Biofilm, Extracellular Enzymes, Hydrophobicity, Motility, Rifampicin, Vibrio parahaemolyticus