Studi komparasi perkembangan wilayah Kapet Batui Sulawesi Tengah dan Kapet Parepare Sulawesi Selatan

BUDJANG, Saleh Gunawan, Prof.Ir. A. Djunaedi, MUP.,Ph.D

2005 | Tesis | Magister Perencanaan Kota dan Daerah

Kawasan Timur Indonesia (KTI) dalam banyak hal tertinggal dari Kawasan Barat Indonesia. Upaya pemerintah untuk memacu pertumbuhan dan perkembangan ekonomi wilayah dilakukan dengan pendekatan Kawasan Pengembangan Eknomi Terpadu (KAPET) di setiap wilayah KTI, sehingga tingkat perkembangan setiap wilayah akan berbeda. Dengan potensi dan kemampuan masing-masing wilayah KAPET yang tidak sama, maka fenomena tingkat pertumbuhan dan perkembangan wilayah KAPET Batui Sulawesi Tengah dan KAPET Parepare Sulawesi Selatan menarik untuk diteliti. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) membandingkan tingkat perkembangan wilayah KAPET Batui dan KAPET Parepare, (2) mengkaji dan mengkonfirmasi faktor-faktor penyebab perbedaan perkembangan wilayah di KAPET Batui dan KAPET Parepare. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deduktif. Variabel penelitian adalah; PDRB perkapita, tanaman pangan, perkebunan, perikanan, industri, pertumbuhan dan kepadatan penduduk, pendidikan, infrastruktur, tata guna tanah, kawasan lindung dan budidaya, peranan SDM, peranan kelembagaan, dan pelaksanaan program. Teknik analisis dengan metode kualitatif. Metode penelitian kualitatif dibantu melalui analisis pengelompokan wilayah dengan menggunakan Tipologi Klaassen, Location Quotient (LQ) dan analisis spasial atau overlay peta. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) tingkat perkembangan wilayah KAPET Parepare cenderung lebih berkembang dibandingkan KAPET Batui, karena adanya peningkatan PDRB perkapita dari tahun 1998 hingga tahun 2002; (2) faktor yang menyebabkan perbedaan perkembangan wilayah di KAPET Parepare adalah meningkatnya produktivitas tanaman pangan, perkebunan, rasio tenaga kerja terhadap industri, pertumbuhan dan kepadatan penduduk, dan meningkatnya ketersediaan infrastruktur. Sedangkan di KAPET Batui adalah meningkatnya rasio nilai investasi dan nilai produksi terhadap industri, basis pada kegiatan sub sektor perikanan (LQ > 1), kepadatan penduduk dan peningkatan ketersediaan infrastruktur, serta kinerja institusi Badan Pengelola KAPET Parepare lebih berhasil dibanding Badan Pengelola KAPET Batui, akibat akumulasi dari peranan kelembagaan dan peranan sumberdaya manusia yang berpengaruh terhadap pelaksanaan program, serta implementasinya akan dipandang berhasil dengan banyaknya investor.

The East Area of Indonesia (KTI), in many portions, is left behind the West Area. To accelerate the economic growth and development of this area, the government afford with a integrated economics development area (KAPET) approach in each of the KTI area, resulting in different level of development for each area. The fact that each KAPET area has diverse potency and capacity makes the phenomena of growing and developing levels of the Batui KAPET area in the Central Sulawesi and the Parepare KAPET area in the South Sulawesi worthy to be investigated. This research aimed to: (1) compare the developing level of the Batui KAPET area and the Parepare KAPET area, (2) review and confirm about the factors causing differences in the development of both areas. This research employed a deductive approach. The research variables were: GRDP per capita, crops, plantation, fishery, industry, population growth and density, education, infrastructure, land use, areas of conservation and cultivation, roles of human resources and institutions, and program implementation. It utilized an analysis technique with qualitative method. The qualitative research method was supported with an area grouping analysis by the use of the Klaassen Typology, Location Quotient (LQ), and spatial analysis or map overlay. The results showed that: (1) the Parepare KAPET area had a higher developing level than the Batui KAPET area, because of the increasing GRDP per capita during 1998 to 2002; (2) the factors causing the distinctive development in the Parepare KAPET area were the increasing productivity of crops and plantation, ratio of employee to industry, population growth and density, and the increasing infrastructure availability. Those in the Batui KAPET area were the increasing ratio of investment and production levels to industry, the base of the fishery sub sector (LQ > 1), population density and the increasing infrastructure availability, and that the performance of the managing institution of the Parepare KAPET area was better than that of the Batui KAPET area due to the accumulation of the institutional and human resources roles influencing the program implementation, while the implementation will be considered as successful by the numbers of investors.

Kata Kunci : Perkembangan Wilayah,Kawasan Timur Indonesia,KAPET