Respons Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Selada (Lactuca sativa L.) terhadap Durasi Aerasi pada Sistem Hidroponik Rakit Apung

Jafni Rafantyo Masidi, Dr. Ir. Endang Sulistyaningsih, M.Sc.; Dr. Eka Tarwaca Susila Putra, S.P., M.P.

2026 | Skripsi | AGRONOMI

Salah satu faktor yang memengaruhi keberhasilan budidaya selada pada sistem hidroponik rakit apung adalah ketersediaan oksigen terlarut di dalam larutan nutrisi. Pemberian aerasi dapat meningkatkan kadar oksigen terlarut sehingga mendukung respirasi akar dan penyerapan unsur hara tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh durasi aerasi terhadap kondisi lingkungan perakaran, pertumbuhan, dan biomassa tanaman selada (Lactuca sativa L.) pada sistem hidroponik rakit apung. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Rumah Kaca Departemen Budidaya Pertanian, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Gadjah Mada pada bulan Oktober hingga Desember 2025. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok Lengkap (RAKL) satu faktor yaitu durasi aerasi yang terdiri atas perlakuan tanpa aerasi, aerasi kontinu selama 6 jam, 12 jam, 18 jam, dan 24 jam per hari, serta aerasi berselang dengan interval 30 menit nyala dan 30 menit mati. Setiap perlakuan diulang sebanyak tiga kali. Parameter yang diamati meliputi suhu larutan, dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, electrical conductivity (EC), pertumbuhan tanaman, dan biomassa tanaman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian aerasi pada sistem hidroponik rakit apung meningkatkan kadar oksigen terlarut di daerah perakaran sehingga mendukung pertumbuhan dan biomassa tanaman selada dibandingkan tanpa aerasi. Perlakuan aerasi 24 jam dan aerasi berselang (30 menit nyala, 30 menit mati) memberikan respons pertumbuhan dan biomassa terbaik serta tidak berbeda nyata satu sama lain. Meskipun demikian, perlakuan aerasi 6 jam menghasilkan biomassa tajuk yang tidak berbeda nyata dibandingkan dengan durasi aerasi yang lebih lama, sehingga berpotensi menjadi alternatif pengaturan aerasi yang lebih efisien dalam budidaya selada pada sistem hidroponik rakit apung.

One of the factors affecting the success of lettuce cultivation in floating raft hydroponic systems is the availability of dissolved oxygen in the nutrient solution. Aeration can increase dissolved oxygen levels, thereby supporting root respiration and nutrient uptake by plants. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of aeration duration on root zone environmental conditions, growth, and biomass of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) grown in a floating raft hydroponic system. The research was conducted in the greenhouse of the Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada from October to December 2025. The experiment was arranged using a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with one factor, namely aeration duration, consisting of no aeration, continuous aeration for 6, 12, 18, and 24 hours per day, and intermittent aeration with 30 minutes on and 30 minutes off. Each treatment was replicated three times. Observed parameters included nutrient solution temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, electrical conductivity (EC), plant growth, and plant biomass. The results showed that aeration in the floating raft hydroponic system increased dissolved oxygen levels in the root zone, thereby supporting the growth and biomass accumulation of lettuce compared with the non-aerated treatment. The 24-hour aeration and intermittent aeration (30 minutes on, 30 minutes off) treatments produced the best growth and biomass responses and were not significantly different from each other. However, the 6-hour aeration treatment produced shoot biomass that was not significantly different from those of the longer aeration durations, indicating that it may serve as a more energy-efficient alternative for lettuce cultivation in floating raft hydroponic systems.

Kata Kunci : durasi aerasi, oksigen terlarut, hidroponik, rakit apung, selada