Manajemen Risiko Keterlambatan Proyek Pembangunan Saluran Udara Tegangan Tinggi di Indonesia

Sinta Larasati, Ir. Tantri Nastiti Handayani, S.T., M.Eng., Ph.D., IPM. ; Prof. Dr. Techn. Ir. Danang Parikesit, M.Sc., (Eng)., IPU., APEC.Eng.

2026 | Tesis | S2 Teknik Sipil

Pembangunan Saluran Udara Tegangan Tinggi (SUTT) memiliki peran penting dalam mendukung keandalan sistem ketenagalistrikan nasional. Meskipun proyek pembangunan SUTT telah banyak dilakukan di Indonesia, namun dalam pelaksanaannya sering mengalami keterlambatan yang berdampak pada peningkatan biaya proyek, tertundanya pemanfaatan tenaga listrik, serta terganggunya pencapaian target pengembangan infrastruktur ketenagalistrikan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merumuskan rekomendasi pengendalian dan mitigasi risiko keterlambatan proyek pembangunan SUTT yang efektif dan tepat sasaran agar meningkatkan keberhasilan proyek SUTT di masa depan.

Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan multi-metode yang meliputi identifikasi dan analisis risiko berdasarkan data historis, validasi ahli, metode Delphi, analisis survei kuesioner dengan Frequency Index, Severity Index, Importance Index, pemetaan risiko pada matriks risiko, serta wawancara mendalam untuk merumuskan strategi pengendalian dan mitigasi risiko. Data historis diperoleh dari 1.354 laporan bulanan supervisi konstruksi pada 34 proyek pembangunan SUTT 150 kV yang tersebar di berbagai wilayah Indonesia periode 2020-2025.

Hasil identifikasi awal menghasilkan 33 risiko yang kemudian divalidasi oleh ahli dan metode Delphi tiga putaran sehingga mendapatkan 31 risiko tervalidasi. Risiko yang paling sering terjadi dan risiko dengan durasi penyelesaian paling panjang berdasarkan data historis adalah keterbatasan jumlah dan kompetensi tenaga kerja pekerjaan pondasi. Sementara itu, hasil analisis Importance Index dan pemetaan pada matriks risiko mendapatkan 8 risiko level High yaitu kendala pembebasan lahan tower, buruknya cash flow kontraktor, adanya penolakan stakeholders terhadap Right of Way (Row), adanya penolakan warga terhadap aktivitas konstruksi, keterlambatan material Elektrikal Mekanikal (E/M), keterlambatan material tower, permasalahan internal kontraktor dengan subkontraktor, serta tidak mendapatkan izin padam dari dispatcher. Strategi pengendalian risiko meliputi manajemen stakeholder untuk pembebasan lahan dan RoW serta penolakan warga, penguatan evaluasi finansial kontraktor, penguatan pengelolaan rantai pasok material, dan penguatan koordinasi lintas fungsi untuk mendapatkan izin padam. Penelitian ini berkontribusi dalam mendukung penerapan manajemen risiko yang sistematis sebagai bahan pertimbangan kebijakan dalam pengelolaan risiko pembangunan SUTT.

Kata kunci: Saluran Udara Tegangan Tinggi; keterlambatan proyek; manajemen risiko; Delphi Method, Frequency Index; Severity Index; Importance Index; pengendalian dan mitigasi risiko.

The construction of High Voltage Overhead Transmission Lines (HVOTL) plays a vital role in supporting the reliability of the national power system. Although numerous HVOTL projects have been implemented across Indonesia, many have experienced delays resulting in increased project costs, postponed utilization of electrical power, and disruptions to the achievement of national electricity infrastructure development targets. Therefore, this study aims to develop effective and targeted risk control and mitigation recommendations for delays in HVOTL construction projects to improve the success of future HVOTL projects.

This study employed a multi-method approach consisting of risk identification and analysis based on historical data, expert validation, the Delphi method, questionnaire survey analysis using the Frequency Index, Severity Index, and Importance Index, risk mapping using a risk matrix, and in-depth interviews to formulate risk control and mitigation strategies. The historical data were obtained from 1,354 monthly construction supervision reports covering 34 HVOTL 150 kV construction projects located across various regions of Indonesia during the period of 2020–2025.

The initial risk identification resulted in 33 risk factors, which were subsequently validated through expert judgment and a three-round Delphi process, yielding 31 validated risks. Based on the historical data, the most frequently occurring risk and the risk requiring the longest resolution duration was the insufficient number and inadequate competency of foundation construction workers. Meanwhile, the Importance Index analysis combined with risk matrix mapping identified eight High-level risks including tower land acquisition constraints, poor contractor cash flow, stakeholder opposition to the Right of Way (RoW), community resistance to construction activities, delays in Electrical and Mechanical (E/M) material delivery, delays in tower material delivery, internal conflicts between contractors and subcontractors, and failure to obtain planned power outage permits from the dispatcher. Effective risk control strategies include strengthening stakeholder management for land acquisition, RoW issues, and community opposition; enhancing contractor financial evaluation; improving supply chain management for construction materials; and reinforcing cross-functional coordination to secure planned power outage permits. This study contributes to the implementation of a systematic risk management approach and provides practical recommendations to support policy development in the risk management of HVOTL construction projects.

Keywords:

High Voltage Overhead Transmission Line (HVOTL); project delay; risk management; Delphi Method; Frequency Index; Severity Index; Importance Index; risk control and mitigation.

Kata Kunci : Saluran Udara Tegangan Tinggi, keterlambatan proyek, manajemen risiko, Delphi Method, Frequency Index, Severity Index, Importance Index, pengendalian dan mitigasi risiko