KARAKTERISTIK GAMBUT DAN PEMODELAN VOLUMETRIK CADANGAN KARBON ORGANIK PADA LAHAN GAMBUT DI DAERAH MEMPAWAH, KALIMANTAN BARAT
Muhammad Arief Pinandita, Prof. Dr. Ir. Ferian Anggara, ST, M.Eng., IPM. ; Dr. Ing. Ir. Donatus Hendra Amijaya, ST, MT, IPM.
2026 | Tesis | S2 Teknik Geologi
Lahan gambut merupakan salah satu penyimpan karbon terestrial terbesar sehingga
karakterisasi endapan gambut dan estimasi karbon tersimpan menjadi informasi penting
dalam pengelolaan lahan gambut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkarakterisasi sifat
fisika, kimia, dan petrografi gambut, mengevaluasi pengaruh karakteristik tersebut
terhadap variasi kandungan Total Organic Carbon (TOC), serta memodelkan volumetrik
gambut dan estimasi karbon organik tersimpan di Cekungan Gambut Masupin,
Kabupaten Mempawah, Kalimantan Barat. Penelitian dilakukan melalui integrasi 50 titik
pengeboran gambut, data Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR), analisis laboratorium
meliputi densitas, kadar air, kadar abu, analisis ultimat (C, H, O, N, S), TOC, serta analisis
petrografi organik. Hubungan antarparameter dianalisis menggunakan analisis statistik
berupa regresi linear, dan Principal Component Analysis (PCA), sedangkan pemodelan
spasial dilakukan dengan interpolasi ketebalan gambut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan
bahwa karakteristiik gambut daerah penelitian merupakan gambut ombrogen tropis,
didominasi oleh gambut fibrik dengan densitas rendah (0,07–0,14 g/cm³), kadar air tinggi
(>85%), reflektansi vitrinit sangat rendah (<0>
didominasi oleh kelompok maseral huminit, sehingga mencerminkan gambut dengan
tingkat dekomposisi dan kematangan organik yang masih rendah serta mendukung
preservasi bahan organik dan akumulasi karbon. Variasi kandungan TOC tidak dikontrol
secara dominan oleh tingkat dekomposisi, densitas, kadar air, pH, maupun reflektansi
vitrinit, tetapi lebih dipengaruhi oleh komposisi kimia dan petrografi gambut. Analisis
PCA menunjukkan bahwa TOC berasosiasi positif dengan karbon total dan inertinit, serta
berasosiasi negatif dengan kadar abu, sulfur, clay, dan pirit, yang menunjukkan bahwa
variasi karbon organik lebih dipengaruhi oleh proporsi komposisi material organik dan
pengenceran oleh material mineral (mineral dilution effect) dibandingkan oleh perubahan
tingkat dekomposisi. Pemodelan spasial menghasilkan luas endapan gambut sekitar
15.811 ha dengan volume gambut sebesar 894,36 juta m³. Estimasi karbon organik
tersimpan menggunakan seknario persentil statistik P10 sebesar 49 juta ton, P50 sebesar
52,35 juta ton dan P90 sebesar 54,72 juta ton. Hasil penelitian mendukung pentingnya
endapan gambut Mempawah sebagai penyimpan karbon yang signifikan serta sebagai
dasar ilmiah bagi pengelolaan dan konservasi lahan gambut.
Peatlands represent one of the largest terrestrial carbon reservoirs, making the
characterization of peat deposits and the estimation of organic carbon storage essential
for sustainable peatland management and conservation. This study aims to characterize
the physical, chemical, and organic petrographic properties of peat, evaluate their
influence on variations in Total Organic Carbon (TOC), and develop a volumetric model
to estimate organic carbon storage in the Masupin Peat Basin, Mempawah Regency, West
Kalimantan, Indonesia. The study integrated data from 50 peat boreholes, Ground
Penetrating Radar (GPR) surveys, and laboratory analyses, including bulk density, total
moisture, ash content, ultimate analysis (C, H, O, N, and S), TOC, and organic
petrography. Statistical analyses, including linear regression and Principal Component
Analysis (PCA), were applied to evaluate relationships among variables, while peat
thickness interpolation was used for volumetric modeling. The results indicate that the
study area is characterized by tropical ombrogenous peat dominated by fibric peat, with
low bulk density (0.07–0.14 g cm?³), high moisture content (>85%), very low vitrinite
reflectance (<0>
group. These characteristics indicate low degrees of decomposition and organic maturity,
reflecting favorable conditions for organic matter preservation and long-term carbon
accumulation. Variations in TOC were not primarily controlled by the degree of
decomposition, bulk density, moisture content, pH, or vitrinite reflectance, but were more
strongly associated with the chemical and petrographic composition of the peat. Principal
Component Analysis revealed positive associations between TOC, total carbon, and
inertinite, whereas negative associations were observed with ash, sulfur, clay, and pyrite.
These relationships suggest that variations in organic carbon are mainly driven by
differences in organic matter composition and the mineral dilution effect, rather than by
the degree of peat decomposition. Spatial modeling estimated a peatland area of
approximately 15,811 ha, a peat volume of 894.36 million m The estimated stored organic
carbon amounted to 49.00 million tons, 52.35 million tons, and 54.72 million tons under
the P10, P50, and P90 statistical percentile scenarios, respectively. These findings
highlight the significant role of the Mempawah peatland as an important organic carbon
reservoir and provide a scientific basis for peatland management and conservation.
Kata Kunci : gambut, karakterisasi gambut, pemodelan volumetrik, Total Organic Carbon (TOC), cadangan karbon, Kalimantan Barat.