Eksplorasi Khamir Phyllosphere Penghasil Pigmen Merah dari Tanaman Anggur (Vitis vinifera L.)

Zahra Karimah Nuha, Dr. Miftahul Ilmi, S.Si., M.Si.

2026 | Skripsi | BIOLOGI

Khamir berpigmen merah merupakan kelompok khamir yang mampu menghasilkan pigmen karotenoid dan berpotensi dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber pewarna alami serta antioksidan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengisolasi dan mengidentifikasi khamir phyllosphere penghasil pigmen merah dari tanaman anggur (Vitis vinifera L.) berdasarkan analisis gen daerah ITS, serta menganalisis jenis dan kemampuan produksi pigmen merah dari isolat yang diperoleh. Sampel dikoleksi dari daun, batang, dan buah anggur pada tiga lokasi di Gamping, Kalasan dan Klaten, kemudian diisolasi pada medium Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) dan dimurnikan pada Yeast Malt Agar (YMA). Hasil isolasi memperoleh tiga isolat khamir berpigmen merah hingga oranye, yaitu DGOSV-GP, DGOSV-KL, dan DMS01-KS, yang seluruhnya berasal dari bagian daun. Analisis kadar karotenoid dan akumulasi karotenoid absolut menunjukkan bahwa isolat DGOSV-GP memiliki nilai tertinggi di antara isolat yang diuji, yaitu masing-masing sebesar 271,00 ± 16,70 µg/g biomassa kering dan 28,15 ± 23,96 µg/10 mL kultur. Analisis HR-LC-MS/MS terhadap isolat unggulan DGOSV-GP menunjukkan adanya kandidat senyawa golongan karotenoid berdasarkan karakteristik massa molekul yang diperoleh. Identifikasi molekuler daerah ITS menunjukkan kemiripan sebesar 98,27?ngan Rhodotorula paludigena CBS 6566 yang didukung  oleh rekonstruksi pohon filogenetik yang menempatkan isolat DGOSV-GP dalam satu klad monofiletik bersama Rhodotorula paludigena dengan nilai bootstrap 100%. Hasil penelitian ini memberikan informasi awal mengenai keberadaan khamir merah lokal pada phyllosphere tanaman anggur di Indonesia yang berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai sumber pigmen alami berbasis karotenoid. Optimasi kondisi kultivasi, seperti intensitas cahaya, dan lama inkubasi, disarankan untuk meningkatkan produktivitas karotenoid pada isolat Rhodotorula paludigena DGOSV-GP.

Kata kunci: karotenoid, khamir phyllospher, Rhodotorula paludigena, Vitis vinifera (L) 

Red-pigmented yeasts are a group of yeasts capable of producing carotenoid pigments with potential applications as natural colorants and antioxidants. This study aimed to isolate and identify red-pigmented phyllosphere yeasts from grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) based on the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) region and to characterize the pigment type and carotenoid production capacity of the obtained isolates. Samples were collected from the leaves, stems, and fruits of grapevines at three locations in Gamping, Kalasan, and Klaten, Indonesia. The isolates were cultured on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) and purified on Yeast Malt Agar (YMA). Three red to orange-pigmented yeast isolates, designated DGOSV-GP, DGOSV-KL, and DMS01-KS, were successfully obtained, all originating from leaf samples. Analysis of carotenoid content and absolute carotenoid accumulation showed that isolate DGOSV-GP exhibited the highest values among the tested isolates, reaching 271,00 ± 16,70 ?g/g dry biomass and 28,15 ± 23,96 ?g/10 mL culture, respectively. HR-LC-MS/MS analysis of the selected isolate (DGOSV-GP) indicated the presence of a candidate carotenoid-class compound based on its molecular mass characteristics. Molecular identification based on the ITS region showed 98.27% sequence identity to Rhodotorula paludigena CBS 6566 and was further supported by Maximum Likelihood phylogenetic analysis, which placed isolate DGOSV-GP within a monophyletic clade with R. paludigena with a bootstrap value of 100%. These findings provide preliminary evidence for the occurrence of indigenous red-pigmented yeasts inhabiting the grape phyllosphere in Indonesia and highlight their potential as a source of carotenoid-based natural pigments. Further optimization of cultivation conditions, including light intensity and incubation period, is recommended to enhance carotenoid productivity in R. paludigena isolate DGOSV-GP.

Keywords: carotenoid, phyllosphere yeast, Rhodotorula paludigena, Vitis vinifera 

Kata Kunci : karotenoid, khamir phyllospher, Rhodotorula paludigena, Vitis vinifera (L)