Optimasi Fabrikasi Perancah 3D Komposit Mg-HAp/PLA/PCL Berbasis Cangkang Kerang Mutiara (Pinctada maxima) dengan Metode Fused Deposition Modeling

Geby Alawiyah, Prof. Dr.Eng. Yusril Yusuf, M.Si., M.Eng.

2026 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Fisika

Pada penelitian ini dilakukan fabrikasi perancah tiga dimensi komposit magnesium-subtituted hydroxyapatite/polylatic acid/polycaprolactone (Mg-HAp/PLA/PCL) berbasis cangkang kerang mutiara (Pinctada maxima) menggunakan metode Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM). Mg-HAp disintesis melalui metode presipitasi kimia basah dengan variasi dopig magensium 0 ,2, 3, dan 5 mol%, kemudian digunakan sebagai filler dalam matriks PLA/PCL dengan variasi 0, 10, 20, 30, dan 40 wt%. Hasil XRD menunjukkan terbentukanya fase utama hidroksiapatit dengan fase minor Beta-TCP, serta penurunan kristalinitas akibat subtitusi ion Mg2+. Sampel Mg-HAp 3 mol% memiliki rasio Ca/P paling mendekati tulang alami. Analisis FTIR mengonfirmasi terbentuknya hidroksiapatit karbonat dan keberhasilan inkorporrasi Mg-HAp ke dalam PLA/PCL tanpa mengubah gugus fungsi utama. Hasil SEM-EDX menunjukkan struktur pori saling terhubung dengan distribusi Mg-HAp yang relatif homogen. Perancah dengan 20 wt% Mg-HAp menunjukkan keseimbangan terbaik antara kekuatan tekan, kekakuan, dan ketangguhan. Uji in vitro menunjukkan kehilangan massa rendah, pementukan lapisan apatit, serta aktivitas antibakteri terhadap Straphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli. Komposit Mg-HAp/PLA/PCL berpotensi sebagai material perancah tulang yang bioaktif, antibakteri, stabil secara mekanik, dan berbasis sumber daya alam berkelanjutan.

This study fabricated three-dimensional magnesium-substituted hydroxyapatite/polylactic acid/polycaprolactone (Mg-HAp/PLA/PCL) composite scaffolds derived from pearl oyster shells (Pinctada maxima) using the Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) method. Mg-HAp was synthesized through wet chemical precipitation with magnesium doping variations of 0, 2, 3, and 5 mol%, then incorporated into the PLA/PCL matrix at filler concentrations of 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 wt%. XRD analysis confirmed the formation of hydroxyapatite as the primary phase, accompanied by a minor Beta-TCP phase. The magnesium substitution resulted in a reduction in crystallinity and crystallite size. The Mg-HAp sample with 3 mol% magnesium showed a Ca/P ratio closest to that of natural bone. FTIR results confirmed the formation of carbonate hydroxyapatite and the successful incorporation of Mg-HAp into the PLA/PCL matrix without altering the main functional groups. SEM-EDX analysis showed interconnected pores and a relatively homogeneous distribution of Mg-HAp particles. The scaffold containing 20 wt% Mg-HAp exhibited the best balance of compressive strength, stiffness, and toughness. In vitro evaluation showed low mass loss, apatite layer formation, and antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. MgHAp/PLA/PCL composite scaffolds have strong potential as bioactive, antibacterial, mechanically stable, and sustainable materials for bone tissue engineering.

Kata Kunci : Mg-HAp, PLA/PCL, perancah tulang, Pinctada maxima, FDM