Ring of Eisenstein Integers: Structure and Applications
Abdul Hadi, Prof. Dr.rer.nat. Indah Emilia Wijayanti, S.Si., M.Si.; Martianus Frederic Ezerman, Ph.D.; Uha Isnaini, S.Si., M.Sc. Ph.D.
2026 | Disertasi | S3 Matematika
We explore the ring of Eisenstein integers as an extension of the ring $\mathbb{Z}$. An Eisenstein prime is an Eisenstein integer that cannot be factored into two non-unit Eisenstein integers. An even Eisenstein integer is a multiple of an Eisenstein prime with the least norm, while all other Eisenstein integers are classified as odd. An Eisenstein integer that is not an integer multiple of another one is said to be primitive. In this work, we establish the algebraic properties of prime, even, odd, primitive Eisenstein integers, the quotient ring, and the set of all unit elements in the quotient ring of Eisenstein integers. Some results are used as algebraic tools in applications in signal constellations and RSA-like cryptosystems.
We propose constructions of signal constellations over quotient rings of Eisenstein integers, equipped with Euclidean and hexagonal distances, generalizing those over Eisenstein integer fields. By set partitioning, we divide a quotient ring of Eisenstein integers into equal-sized subsets. In Eisenstein integer fields of prime size, partitioning is not feasible due to structural limitations. In our setup, we can partition a quotient ring based on additive subgroups, and a set of all unit elements in the quotient ring that forms a cyclic group based on a multiplicative subgroup in such a way that the minimum distances within each subset are larger than or equal to those in the original set. This technique facilitates multilevel coding and enhances the signal constellation's efficiency. Finally, we introduce a novel RSA-like cryptosystem based on the algebraic structure of Eisenstein integers.
Kata Kunci : Ring of Eisenstein Integers, Signal Constellations, RSA