Karakteristik Habitat dan Pemanfaatan Tumbuhan Pakan Oleh Macaca fascicularis (Raffles, 1821) di Zona Penyangga Kedungbuweng, Imogiri, Bantul

Anasya Zabna Sabilla, Siti Nurleily Marliana, S.Si., M.Sc., Ph.D.

2026 | Skripsi | BIOLOGI

Penjarahan tanaman (crop-raiding) oleh Macaca fascicularis di Zona Penyangga Kedungbuweng, Kabupaten Bantul, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, memicu interaksi negatif yang berkepanjangan dengan masyarakat sekitar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis karakteristik vegetasi habitat, alokasi aktivitas harian, serta komposisi pemanfaatan tumbuhan pakan sebagai dasar perumusan strategi mitigasi konflik satwa-manusia. Metode yang digunakan adalah sampling vegetasi menggunakan plot cuplikan (total luas 1.350 m²) untuk parameter strata pohon dan tiang, serta metode instantaneous scan sampling untuk perekaman log aktivitas harian satwa. Hasil analisis vegetasi gabungan strata menunjukkan adanya dominansi kuat oleh spesies kayu komersial non-pakan, terutama Leucaena leucocephala (INP 47,36%) pada strata tiang serta Dalbergia latifolia (INP 47,22%) dan Tectona grandis (INP 44,79%) pada strata pohon, yang mengonfirmasi terjadinya defisit pohon buah alami di dalam hutan. Kondisi keterbatasan pakan tersebut memengaruhi orientasi perilaku harian satwa, yang ditunjukkan oleh tingginya frekuensi kontak aktivitas memakan (feeding) yang mencapai 68,18?ri total profil harian. Defisit energi alami memicu satwa bertindak oportunistis dengan memanfaatkan tanaman perkebunan masyarakat, khususnya buah pisang (Musa sp.) dengan proporsi pemanfaatan mencapai 35,56?ri total frekuensi kontak makan, melampaui pemanfaatan pakan minor di alam seperti Ficus septica (13,33%) dan Syzygium aqueum (8,89%), meskipun Anacardium occidentale tetap menjadi pakan utama di dalam blok hutan (42,22%). Hasil ini membuktikan bahwa kualitas nutrisi karbohidrat dan kemudahan akses di lahan antropogenik lebih menentukan preferensi pakan satwa daripada kuantitas tegakan di habitatnya. Mitigasi konflik direkomendasikan melalui pengayaan vegetasi pakan (marga Ficus) di zona penyangga, penerapan sabuk hijau (green belt) tanaman non-pakan di perimeter luar hutan, serta manajemen sampah domestik tertutup oleh masyarakat. 

Crop-raiding by Macaca fascicularis in the Kedungbuweng Buffer Zone, Bantul Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta, triggers prolonged negative interactions with the local community. This study aims to analyze the habitat vegetation characteristics, daily activity allocation, and food plant utilization composition as a basis for formulating human-wildlife conflict mitigation strategies. The methods used were vegetation sampling using sample plots (total area of 1,350 m²) for tree and pole strata, as well as the instantaneous scan sampling method for recording the daily activity log of the animals. The results of the combined strata vegetation analysis showed a strong dominance of non-food commercial timber species, particularly Leucaena leucocephala (IVI 47.36%) in the pole stratum, as well as Dalbergia latifolia (IVI 47.22%) and Tectona grandis (IVI 44.79%) in the tree stratum, confirming a deficit of natural fruit trees in the forest. This limited food condition influenced the daily behavioral orientation of the animals, as indicated by a highly dominant frequency of feeding activity contacts, reaching 68.18% of the total daily profile. The natural energy deficit triggered the animals to act opportunistically by utilizing community agricultural crops, particularly bananas (Musa sp.) with a utilization proportion reaching 35.56% of the total feeding contact frequency. This surpassed the utilization of minor natural foods such as Ficus septica (13.33%) and Syzygium aqueum (8.89%), although Anacardium occidentale remained the primary food source within the forest block (42.22%). These results prove that carbohydrate nutritional quality and ease of access in anthropogenic lands determine the food preferences of the animals more than the quantity of stands in their habitat. Conflict mitigation is recommended through food vegetation enrichment (genus Ficus) in the buffer zone, the application of a green belt boundary using non-food plants on the outer forest perimeter, and closed domestic waste management by the community.

Kata Kunci : Kata Kunci: Analisis vegetasi, crop-raiding, Macaca fascicularis, mitigasi konflik, pemanfaatan pakan.