Fenomena Sharenting Ditinjau dari Perspektif Kewajiban Orang Tua Melindungi Anak dan Asas Kepentingan Terbaik bagi Anak di Indonesia

MUHAMMAD EMIL HAKIM ABA, Dr. Destri Budi Nugraheni, S.H., M.Si.

2026 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Hukum

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji fenomena sharenting dalam tinjauan pemenuhan kewajiban orang tua melindungi anak berdasarkan peraturan perundang-undangan di Indonesia, sekaligus mengonstruksi pembatasan hukum terhadap praktik sharenting berdasarkan Asas Kepentingan Terbaik bagi Anak.

Penelitian ini menggunakan metode hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, pendekatan konseptual dan analisis konten. Bahan hukum primer mencakup UUD 1945, KUHPerdata, UU Perkawinan, UU HAM, UU Perlindungan Anak, UU PDP, UU ITE, PP TUNAS, hingga Permenkomdigi Nomor 9 Tahun 2026. Data pendukung diperoleh melalui wawancara akademisi, praktisi psikologi anak, dan pemerhati perlindungan anak, serta analisis terhadap empat akun sharenting representatif.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dua temuan utama. Pertama, kerangka normatif perlindungan anak Indonesia secara berlapis telah mengatur ketentuan kewajiban orang tua melindungi anak, namun terdapat kelemahan berupa ketimpangan struktural karena seluruh instrumen perlindungan digital hanya menyasar ancaman dari pihak ketiga, sementara orang tua sebagai pelaku internal sharenting tidak secara eksplisit dijangkau. Celah “pengecualian kegiatan rumah tangga” dalam Pasal 2 ayat (2) huruf a UU PDP semakin melemahkan kondisi ini dan berpotensi menjadi tameng normatif bagi sharenting eksploitatif. Kedua, konstruksi pembatasan hukum sharenting perlu dibangun melalui empat pilar integratif: kewajiban perlindungan anak, perlindungan data anak sebagai data pribadi khusus, Asas Kepentingan Terbaik bagi Anak sebagai batu uji legalitas, dan prinsip kehati-hatian atas jejak digital permanen. Parental consent hanya sah secara hukum apabila lolos uji substantif (meliputi uji bebas konflik kepentingan, sensitivitas data, dan pemenuhan assent anak) yang membuktikan orientasinya pada kepentingan masa depan anak, bukan kepentingan ekonomi atau sosial orang tua.

This study aims to examine the phenomenon of sharenting through the lens of parental obligations to protect children under Indonesian legislation, while also constructing legal limitations on sharenting practices based on the Best Interests of the Child Principle.

The study employs a normative legal method with a statutory approach, conceptual approach, and content analysis. Primary legal materials include the 1945 Constitution, the Civil Code, the Marriage Law, the Human Rights Law, the Child Protection Law, the Personal Data Protection Law, the Electronic Information and Transactions Law, the TUNAS Government Regulation, and the Minister of Communication and Digital Affairs Regulation No. 9 of 2026. Supporting data were obtained through interviews with academics, child psychology practitioners, and child protection advocates, as well as an analysis of four representative sharenting accounts.

The study yields two principal findings. First, Indonesia's layered normative framework for child protection has regulated provisions concerning parental obligations to protect children; however, a structural imbalance represents a significant weakness, as all digital protection instruments target threats from third parties only, while parents as internal actors in sharenting are not explicitly covered. The household exemption under under Article 2(2)(a) of the Personal Data Protection Law further weakens this position and has the potential to serve as a normative shield for exploitative sharenting. Second, the construction of legal limitations on sharenting must be built upon four integrative pillars: the obligation to protect children, the protection of children's data as special categories of personal data, the Best Interests of the Child Principle as a legality test, and the precautionary principle regarding permanent digital footprints. Parental consent is legally valid only if it passes a substantive test (comprising an assessment for the absence of conflicts of interest, data sensitivity, and the fulfillment of the child's assent) that proves its orientation toward the child's future interests, rather than the economic or social interests of the parents.

Kata Kunci : Sharenting, Kewajiban Orang Tua, Perlindungan Anak, Asas Kepentingan Terbaik bagi Anak.