Analisis Tekno Ekonomi Sistem PLTS Off-Grid dengan Beban Aerator pada Kolam Budidaya Ikan Nila di Muhammadiyah Agribusiness Center

Asia Rohbaniah, Ahmad Agus Setiawan, S.T., M.Sc., Ph.D.; Ir. Fadli Kasim, S.T., M.Sc., IPM., ASEAN Eng.

2026 | Skripsi | FISIKA TEKNIK

Keberhasilan budidaya ikan nila pada kepadatan tebar tinggi bergantung pada kontinuitas operasional aerator, yang membutuhkan pasokan listrik tanpa gangguan. Ketergantungan pada sistem token listrik prabayar PLN menyimpan risiko operasional nyata, apabila saldo token habis secara tidak terduga, aerasi terhenti dan kelangsungan ikan terancam. Sistem Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Surya (PLTS) off-grid dengan penyimpan energi baterai telah dipasang di Muhammadiyah Agribusiness Center (MAC), Gamping, Sleman, Yogyakarta, untuk mengurangi ketergantungan tersebut. Namun, belum tersedia analisis tekno ekonomi yang mengevaluasi konfigurasi sistem secara kuantitatif.

Penelitian ini mengujji enam skenario konfigurasi sistem PLTS off-grid (S0–S5): S0 dan S1 dievaluasi secara analitis, S2–S4 disimulasikan menggunakan PVSyst V8.1.1, dan S5 dianalisis menggunakan HOMER Pro, dengan beban aerator 1.150 W yang beroperasi kontinu 24 jam per hari. Performa teknis dievaluasi menggunakan Performance Ratio, Solar Fraction, Loss of Load Probability (LOLP), dan State of Wear baterai. Kelayakan ekonomi dievaluasi menggunakan Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) dengan discount rate 9?n umur ekonomis 25 tahun, serta Simple Payback Period (SPP) berdasarkan penghematan biaya energi tahunan.

Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa skenario S4 sistem PLTS 1.650 Wp dengan baterai LiFePO? 200 Ah dan PLN sebagai cadangan manual, merupakan konfigurasi paling sesuai, dengan LOLP 0,00?n LCOE Rp1.529/kWh, di bawah tarif PLN efektif Rp1.832/kWh. Skenario S3 dan S4 layak secara ekonomi dengan SPP 4,98–5,76 tahun. Skenario S2 tidak diikutsertakan dalam analisis ekonomi karena dinyatakan tidak layak secara teknis akibat LOLP 73,50%. Meski demikian, S3 dan S4 tetap menyandarkan sekitar 78% kebutuhan energinya pada PLN, sehingga kelayakan operasionalnya bersifat bersyarat, bukan kemandirian energi penuh. Temuan kunci penelitian ini adalah bahwa biaya penggantian baterai merupakan komponen dominan dalam Total Life-Cycle Cost (TLCC) pada sistem beban kontinu, sehingga keputusan sizing baterai menjadi faktor kritis dalam kelayakan ekonomi jangka panjang meskipun selisih TLCC antar skenario tergolong tipis.

Successful Nile tilapia aquaculture at high stocking densities depends on continuous aeration to maintain adequate dissolved oxygen levels, which in turn requires an uninterrupted power supply. Reliance on prepaid electricity tokens presents a real operational risk: when the credit balance is unexpectedly depleted, aeration stops and fish survival is threatened. An off-grid solar photovoltaic (PV) system with battery energy storage was installed at Muhammadiyah Agribusiness Center (MAC), Gamping, Sleman, Yogyakarta, to address this risk. However, a quantitative techno-economic analysis evaluating the system configuration had not yet been conducted.

This study evaluates six off-grid PV system configuration scenarios (S0–S5). S0 and S1 were evaluated analytically, S2–S4 were simulated using PVSyst V8.1.1, while S5 was analyzed using HOMER Pro, all based on a 1,150 W aerator load operating continuously for 24 hours per day. Technical performance was evaluated using Performance Ratio, Solar Fraction, Loss of Load Probability (LOLP), and battery State of Wear. Economic feasibility was assessed using the Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE), applying a 9% discount rate over a 25-year economic lifetime, and the Simple Payback Period (SPP) based on annual energy cost savings.

Simulation results indicate that scenario S4 a 1,650 Wp PV system with a 200 Ah LiFePO? battery and the national grid (PLN) as a manual backup, is the most suitable configuration, achieving an LOLP of 0.00% and an LCOE of IDR 1,529/kWh, below the effective grid tariff of IDR 1,832/kWh. Scenarios S3 and S4 proved economically feasible, with SPP ranging from 4.98 to 5.76 years. Scenario S2 was excluded from economic analysis as it failed the minimum technical reliability criterion (LOLP 73.50%). However, S3 and S4 still rely on PLN for approximately 78% of their energy needs, making their operational feasibility conditional rather than fully energy-independent. The key finding of this study is that battery replacement costs constitute the dominant component of Total Life-Cycle Cost (TLCC) in continuous load systems, thus battery sizing remains a critical factor for long-term economic feasibility, even though the TLCC difference between scenarios is relatively narrow.

Kata Kunci : PLTS off-grid, aerasi akuakultur, PVSyst, analisis tekno ekonomi, Levelized Cost of Energy