Ekologi Akustik dan Implementasi Regulasi Tata Suara Tempat Ibadah di Dusun Dukuh, Madurejo, Prambanan, Sleman Yogyakarta

Qodriyah Nur Kharisma, Susilohadi, S.Si, M.Si, Ph.D.

2026 | Skripsi | BIOLOGI

Penggunaan pelantang suara sebagai media penyampaian azan di masjid dan mushala merupakan praktik yang lazim di Indonesia, namun ketika beberapa tempat ibadah berada dalam jarak yang saling berdekatan tanpa kalibrasi volume yang terkoordinasi, potensi tumpang tindih intensitas bunyi yang melampaui ambang kenyamanan lingkungan menjadi tinggi. Kondisi ini ditemukan di Dusun Dukuh, Madurejo, Prambanan, Sleman, Yogyakarta, yang memiliki lima tempat ibadah (dua masjid, tiga mushala) dalam radius kurang dari satu kilometer dan seluruhnya menggunakan pelantang suara tanpa pengaturan volume yang mengacu pada baku mutu kebisingan, sehingga berisiko menimbulkan gangguan kenyamanan akustik bagi warga yang bermukim di sekitarnya. Penelitian ini menganalisis ekologi akustik kelima tempat ibadah melalui pengukuran Sound Level Meter (SLM), mengevaluasi kesesuaian tingkat kebisingan adzan dengan regulasi, serta mengkaji persepsi psikoakustik warga radius ?10 meter dari sumber suara. Pengukuran dilakukan pada kondisi Adzan Zuhur dan Subuh (n = 8 ulangan per situs), dengan ambient noise siang (33,1 dB(A)) dan malam (32,3 dB(A)) sebagai kontrol. Persepsi 20 responden digali melalui kuesioner Likert 1-4, dianalisis dengan uji Shapiro-Wilk, Wilcoxon Signed-Rank, Mann-Whitney U, dan korelasi Spearman melalui IBM SPSS Statistics. Nilai Leq Adzan Zuhur 84,76-92,61 dB(A) dan Subuh 87,40-93,32 dB(A), melampaui baku mutu 55 dB(A) (KepMenLH No. 48/1996; Pergub DIY No. 40/2017) dengan selisih 29,76-38,32 dB(A) (p < 0 xss=removed xss=removed xss=removed>

The use of loudspeakers as a medium for broadcasting the call to prayer (azan) in mosques and prayer halls (mushala) is a common practice in Indonesia. However, when several places of worship are located in close proximity without coordinated volume calibration, the potential for overlapping sound intensities exceeding the environmental comfort threshold becomes high. This condition was found in Dusun Dukuh, Madurejo, Prambanan, Sleman, Yogyakarta, which has five places of worship (two mosques and three mushala) within a radius of less than one kilometer, all of which use loudspeakers without volume settings referring to noise quality standards, thereby posing a risk of acoustic discomfort disturbance to residents living nearby. This study analyzed the acoustic ecology of the five places of worship through Sound Level Meter (SLM) measurements, evaluated the compliance of azan noise levels with existing regulations, and examined the psychoacoustic perception of residents within a radius of ?10 meters from the sound source. Measurements were conducted during the Zuhur (noon) and Subuh (dawn) azan (n = 8 replications per site), with daytime (33.1 dB(A)) and nighttime (32.3 dB(A)) ambient noise levels serving as controls. The perceptions of 20 respondents were collected using a 1-4 Likert-scale questionnaire and analyzed using the Shapiro-Wilk test, Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test, Mann-Whitney U test, and Spearman correlation via IBM SPSS Statistics. The Leq values for the Zuhur azan ranged from 84.76-92.61 dB(A) and for the Subuh azan from 87.40-93.32 dB(A), exceeding the quality standard of 55 dB(A) (KepMenLH No. 48/1996; Pergub DIY No. 40/2017) by a margin of 29.76-38.32 dB(A) (p < 0 xss=removed xss=removed xss=removed>

Kata Kunci : ekologi akustik, pelantang suara, tempat ibadah, kebisingan, regulasi tata suara, persepsi Masyarakat