Potensi Antidiabetik Ekstrak daun Bambusa balcooa melalui Penghambatan Enzim Alfa amilase secara In Vitro dan In Silico

Befita Aulia Waludi, Dr. Tri Rini Nuringtyas, S.Si., M.Sc

2026 | Skripsi | BIOLOGI

Bambusa balcooa merupakan salah satu spesies bambu yang memiliki berbagai kandungan metabolit sekunder, seperti fenolik, flavonoid, kumarin, dan terpenoid yang dapat berpotensi memiliki aktivitas farmakologis. Tetapi, potensi dari ekstrak daun B.balcooa sebagai agen antidiabetik melalui uji penghambatan enzim alfa amilase belum banyak dilaporkan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi aktivitas antidiabetik dari ekstrak daun B.balcooa secara In vitro dengan uji inhibisi alfa amilase, identifikasi senyawa metabolit dengan Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS), dan analisis interaksi senyawa potensial terhadap protein target secara in silico. Daun B.balcooa diekstraksi dengan metode maserasi menggunakan etanol 70 persen dan difraksi secara bertingkat dengan pelarut n-heksana, etil asetat, serta etanol 70 persen dan akuades. Aktivitas antidiabetik dianalisis dengan metode 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) yang disajikan sebagai nilai IC50. Senyawa hasil identifikasi LC-MS dikurasi berdasarkan karakteristik fisikokimia serta toksistas, lalu dianalis dengan molecular docking. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ekstrak etanol, fraksi n-heksana, fraksi etil asetat, dan fraksi etanol dan akuades memiliki nilai IC50 berturut-turut 1.680,24 µg/mL;1.490µg/mL;891,47µg/mL; dan 1.168,0µg/mL, sedangkan akarbosa memiliki nilai IC50 sebesar 9,54µg/mL. Analisis LC-MS mengidentifikasi lima senyawa unggulan yaitu 12-Hydroxyjasmonic acid, Lonfuranacid B, 1 Stearoylglycerol, D-Pantothenic acid, dan Daphnetin. Analisis molecular docking membuktikan bahwa seluruh senyawa memiliki MolDock Score yang lebih tinggi (kurang negatif) dibandingkan dengan akarbosa dan menghasilkan interaksi yang lebih sedikit dengan residu katalitik enzim alfa amilase. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, ekstrak daun B.balcooa menjukkan aktivitas penghambatan ?-amilase yang lemah dan belum berpotensi sebagai kandidat inhibitor alfa amilase dibandingkan dengan akarbosa. 

Bambusa balcooa is one of the bamboo species that contains various secondary metabolites, including phenolics, flavonoids, coumarins, and terpenoids, which are potentially associated with pharmacological activities. However, the antidiabetic potential of B. balcooa leaf extract through alpha amylase inhibition has not been widely reported. This study aimed to evaluate the antidiabetic activity of B. balcooa leaf extract through an In vitro alpha amylase inhibitory assay, identify its secondary metabolites using Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS), and analyze the interactions of potential compounds with the target protein through an in silico approach. B. balcooa leaves were extracted by maceration using 70 percent ethanol and subsequently fractionated sequentially with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and 70 percent ethanol–water. Antidiabetic activity was determined using the 3,5 dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) method and expressed as the IC?? value. The compounds identified by LC-MS were curated based on their physicochemical characteristics and toxicity profiles before being analyzed using molecular docking. The results showed that the ethanol extract, n-hexane fraction, ethyl acetate fraction, and ethanol–water fraction exhibited IC?? values of 1,680.24 ?g/mL, 1,490.00 ?g/mL, 891.47 ?g/mL, and 1,168.00 ?g/mL, respectively, whereas acarbose showed an IC?? value of 9.54 ?g/mL. LC-MS analysis identified five major compounds, namely 12 Hydroxyjasmonic acid, Lonfuranacid B, 1-Stearoylglycerol, D-Pantothenic acid, and Daphnetin. Molecular docking analysis demonstrated that all identified compounds exhibited higher (less negative) MolDock Scores than acarbose and formed fewer interactions with the catalytic residues of ?-amylase. Based on these findings, B. balcooa leaf extract exhibited weak ?-amylase inhibitory activity and has not demonstrated promising potential as an alpha amylase inhibitor compared with acarbose. 

Kata Kunci : Bambusa balcooa, antidiabetik, alfa amilase, molecular docking, In vitro, in silico.