Pengaruh Pupuk Organik Cair Hidrolisat Rambut Manusia terhadap Sifat Kimia Tanah dan Pertumbuhan Jagung

Weni Sathiya Azzahra, Nasih Widya Yuwono, S.P., M.P; Dr. Agr. Makruf Nurudin, S.P., M.P.

2026 | Skripsi | ILMU TANAH

Salah satu upaya pengelolaan limbah secara berkelanjutan adalah memanfaatkan limbah rambut manusia sebagai pupuk organik cair (POC). Rambut manusia mengandung nitrogen yang tinggi sehingga berpotensi digunakan sebagai sumber hara alternatif bagi tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik POC hidrolisat rambut manusia, menganalisis pengaruhnya terhadap sifat kimia tanah Entisol dan pertumbuhan jagung (Zea mays L.), serta menentukan dosis POC yang paling efektif. Penelitian dilaksanakan di lahan pertanian Desa Progowati, Kecamatan Mungkid, Kabupaten Magelang dan Laboratorium Departemen Tanah, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Gadjah Mada menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok Lengkap (RAKL) dengan 10 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri atas kontrol, pupuk kandang kambing, serta kombinasi pupuk kandang kambing dengan berbagai dosis POC hidrolisat rambut manusia.

Variabel yang diamati meliputi karakteristik POC, sifat kimia tanah, pertumbuhan tanaman, biomassa tanaman, dan kandungan nitrogen jaringan tanaman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa POC hidrolisat rambut manusia memiliki kandungan N-total sebesar 3,07% yang memenuhi standar mutu pupuk organik cair, sedangkan kandungan C-organiknya sebesar 3,27% masih berada di bawah standar mutu. Aplikasi POC berpengaruh nyata terhadap beberapa sifat kimia tanah, terutama DHL, KPK, dan N-total tanah, namun tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap pH dan C-organik tanah. Pemberian POC juga meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan biomassa jagung dibandingkan kontrol. Perlakuan T7 (15 mL) menghasilkan tinggi tanaman dan bobot segar tajuk tertinggi, sedangkan perlakuan T4 (7,5 mL) menghasilkan bobot kering tajuk dan bobot segar tongkol tertinggi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa POC hidrolisat rambut manusia berpotensi dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber nitrogen organik untuk mendukung pertumbuhan jagung pada tanah Entisol.

One environmentally friendly approach to waste management is the utilization of human hair waste as liquid organic fertilizer (LOF). Human hair contains high nitrogen content and therefore has potential as an alternative nutrient source for plants. This study aimed to determine the characteristics of human hair hydrolysate LOF, evaluate its effects on the chemical properties of Entisol soil and maize (Zea mays L.) growth, and identify the most effective application rate. The research was conducted in Progowati Village, Mungkid District, Magelang Regency, and at the Laboratory of the Department of Soil, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada. A Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) consisting of 10 treatments and 3 replications was applied. Treatments included a control, goat manure, and combinations of goat manure with different concentrations of human hair hydrolysate LOF. Observed variables included LOF characteristics, soil chemical properties, plant growth, biomass production, and plant tissue nitrogen content. The results showed that the LOF contained 3.07% total N, meeting the quality standard for liquid organic fertilizer, whereas its organic C content (3.27%) was below the required standard. LOF application significantly affected several soil chemical properties, particularly electrical conductivity (EC), cation exchange capacity (CEC), and total N, but had no significant effect on soil pH and organic C. LOF application also improved maize growth and biomass compared with the control. The T7 treatment (15 mL) produced the highest plant height and shoot fresh weight, while T4 (7.5 mL) resulted in the highest shoot dry weight and ear fresh weight. These findings indicate that human hair hydrolysate LOF has potential as an organic nitrogen source to support maize growth in Entisol soil.

Kata Kunci : Kata kunci: hidrolisat rambut, jagung, nitrogen, pupuk organik cair, tanah Entisol/Keywords: hair hydrolysate, maize, nitrogen, liquid organic fertilizer, Entisol soil