Dampak Aktivitas Manusia Terhadap Sebaran Banteng jawa (Bos javanicus) di Savana Bekol Taman Nasional Baluran

Vito Bagaswara, Dr. Drh. Subeno, M.Sc.

2026 | Skripsi | KEHUTANAN

Banteng jawa (Bos javanicus) merupakan satwa endemik Indonesia yang memiliki nilai konservasi tinggi dan menjadi ikon Taman Nasional Baluran. Namun, keberadaan banteng di Savana Bekol diduga mengalami perubahan akibat intensitas aktivitas manusia, terutama aktivitas wisatawan dan pemanfaatan sumber daya oleh masyarakat lokal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keberadaan dan pola sebaran banteng jawa, mengidentifikasi sebaran aktivitas manusia, serta menganalisis dampak aktivitas manusia terhadap sebaran banteng di Savana Bekol dan sekitarnya di Taman Nasional Baluran.

Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Februari hingga April 2025. Pengumpulan data dilakukan menggunakan metode line transect untuk mencatat perjumpaan banteng, sedangkan aktivitas manusia dicatat menggunakan GPS/Avenza dan dianalisis secara spasial menggunakan perangkat lunak ArcGIS dengan pendekatan Minimum Convex Polygon (MCP) untuk mengetahui pola sebaran serta tumpang tindih ruang antara banteng dan aktivitas manusia. Untuk memperkuat analisis spasial, digunakan analisis regresi logistik biner sederhana untuk menguji pengaruh aktivitas manusia terhadap kehadiran banteng.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa banteng jawa tidak lagi dominan ditemukan di area savana terbuka, tetapi lebih banyak dijumpai di area transisi hutan evergreen yang relatif lebih tenang. Pergeseran sebaran ini berkaitan dengan aktivitas  masyarakat lokal di sekitar savana serta jalur menuju Pantai Bama. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan pengelolaan aktivitas manusia yang lebih terkontrol serta pemantauan secara berkala guna mendukung upaya konservasi banteng jawa di Taman Nasional Baluran.

The Javan banteng (Bos javanicus) is an endemic species of Indonesia with high conservation value and serves as an iconic wildlife species of Baluran National Park. However, the presence of banteng in Bekol Savanna is suspected to have changed due to pressures from human activities, particularly tourism and resource utilization by local communities. This study aimed to determine the presence and spatial distribution of Javaan banteng, identify the distribution of human activities, and analyze the impact of human activities on banteng distribution in Bekol Savanna and its surrounding areas in Baluran National Park.

The research was conducted from February to April 2025. Data collection was carried out using the line transect method to record banteng encounters, while human activities were documented using search sampling. Encounter locations were recorded using GPS/Avenza and analyzed spatially using ArcGIS with the Minimum Convex Polygon (MCP) approach to determine distribution patterns and spatial overlap between banteng and human activities. To strengthen the spatial analysis, a simple binary logistic regression analysis was applied to examine the effect of human activities on bull presence.

The results indicate that Javan banteng are no longer predominantly found in open savanna areas but are more frequently encountered in transition zones and evergreen forests that are relatively quieter. This shift in distribution is associated with the activities of local communities around the savanna and along the route to Bama Beach. Therefore, more effective management of human activities and regular monitoring are necessary to support the conservation of Javan banteng in Baluran National Park.

Kata Kunci : Banteng jawa,aktivitas manusia,savana bekol,Minimum Convex Polygon,regresi logistik biner,konservasi