Pengembangan Serious Game Kolaboratif Multiplayer Berbasis Web dengan Skenario Evakuasi Tsunami

Muhammad Rendy, Prof. Ir. Lukito Edi Nugroho, M.Sc., Ph.D. ; Dr. Bimo Sunarfri Hantono, S.T., M.Eng.

2026 | Skripsi | TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI

Pengembangan aplikasi permainan kolaboratif multipemain berbasis web menuntut perancangan mekanika permainan yang secara sengaja mendorong interaksi antar pemain, serta implementasi arsitektur sistem yang mampu menjalankan mekanika tersebut secara real-time. Namun, sebagian besar penelitian yang ada masih berfokus pada evaluasi efektivitas permainan secara umum, tanpa menjelaskan secara rinci bagaimana mekanika dirancang, diimplementasikan ke dalam arsitektur aplikasi, dan menghasilkan pola interaksi kolaboratif tertentu antar pemain. Penelitian ini bertujuan merancang mekanika permainan kolaboratif, mengimplementasikannya ke dalam arsitektur aplikasi multipemain real-time berbasis web, serta menganalisis bagaimana mekanika tersebut menghasilkan pola interaksi kolaboratif dan keterampilan sosial pada pemain lintas generasi, melalui studi pada permainan serius mitigasi bencana tsunami Lari Bersama.

Penelitian ini menggunakan metodologi Game Development Life Cycle (GDLC) untuk merancang dan mengimplementasikan permainan Lari Bersama menggunakan MERN stack dan Socket.io. Permainan menerapkan delapan mekanika kolaboratif, yaitu information asymmetry, code exchange, role division, shared objectives, collective decision making, time pressure, chance events, dan synchronized confirmation. Sistem yang dihasilkan di-deploy secara publik dan digunakan pada tiga sesi permainan nyata yang melibatkan sembilan partisipan dari kelompok usia muda, paruh baya, dan lanjut usia. Data dikumpulkan melalui game logs, observasi, dan wawancara semi-terstruktur, lalu dianalisis menggunakan analisis tematik dan triangulasi data.

Kedelapan mekanika berhasil diimplementasikan ke dalam sistem yang berfungsi secara nyata dan terbukti layak mendukung kolaborasi real-time antar pemain lintas generasi tanpa kegagalan teknis. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa mekanika permainan tidak berkontribusi secara langsung terhadap keterampilan sosial, melainkan melalui pola interaksi perantara. Mekanika information asymmetry dan code exchange mendorong pertukaran informasi dan klarifikasi, role division serta synchronized confirmation memfasilitasi koordinasi tugas dan saling membantu, collective decision making mendukung diskusi dan pembentukan konsensus, sedangkan time pressure dan chance events mendorong respons adaptif terhadap situasi permainan yang berubah. Melalui pola interaksi tersebut, teridentifikasi lima keterampilan sosial yang muncul secara konsisten, yaitu komunikasi, koordinasi, pengambilan keputusan bersama, negosiasi, dan scaffolding, dengan scaffolding lintas generasi yang bersifat dua arah menjadi salah satu temuan yang menonjol.

Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi utama berupa rancangan mekanika permainan kolaboratif dan implementasinya ke dalam arsitektur aplikasi multipemain real-time yang terbukti layak digunakan. Sebagai kontribusi tambahan, hubungan antara mekanika, pola interaksi, dan keterampilan sosial tersebut dirangkum menjadi kerangka konseptual tiga lapis yang dapat menjadi panduan bagi pengembangan permainan kolaboratif serupa.

Developing a web-based multiplayer collaborative game application requires the deliberate design of game mechanics that foster interaction among players, as well as the implementation of a system architecture capable of running such mechanics in real time. However, most existing studies remain focused on evaluating overall game effectiveness, without explaining in detail how game mechanics are designed, implemented into an application architecture, and how they generate specific collaborative interaction patterns among players. This study aims to design collaborative game mechanics, implement those mechanics into a web-based real-time multiplayer application architecture, and analyze how the implemented mechanics generate collaborative interaction patterns and social skills among intergenerational players, through a case study on a tsunami disaster mitigation serious game titled Lari Bersama.

This research adopted the Game Development Life Cycle (GDLC) methodology to design and implement Lari Bersamausing the MERN stack and Socket.io. The game incorporates eight collaborative mechanics: information asymmetry, code exchange, role division, shared objectives, collective decision making, time pressure, chance events, and synchronized confirmation. The resulting system was publicly deployed and used to conduct three real gameplay sessions involving nine participants from younger, middle-aged, and older cohorts. Data were collected through game logs, gameplay observations, and semi-structured interviews, then analyzed using thematic analysis and data triangulation to identify the interaction patterns and social skills that emerged.

All eight mechanics were successfully implemented into a functioning system, proven feasible for supporting real-time collaboration among intergenerational players without technical failures that hindered gameplay. The analysis showed that game mechanics did not contribute directly to social skills, but rather through mediating interaction patterns that emerged during gameplay. Information asymmetry and code exchange encouraged information sharing and clarification, role division and synchronized confirmation facilitated task coordination and mutual help, collective decision makingsupported discussion and consensus building, while time pressure and chance events promoted adaptive responses to changing game conditions. Through these interaction patterns, five social skills were consistently identified: communication, coordination, shared decision-making, negotiation, and scaffolding, with two-way intergenerational scaffolding emerging as one of the notable findings.

This research’s main contribution lies in the design of collaborative game mechanics and their implementation into a real-time multiplayer application architecture proven feasible for use, along with an understanding of how these mechanics generate collaborative interaction patterns and social skills among intergenerational players. As an additional contribution, these relationships between game mechanics, interaction patterns, and social skills are synthesized into a three-layer conceptual framework that can guide software developers and other researchers in designing similar collaborative games.

Kata Kunci : Mekanika Permainan Kolaboratif, Arsitektur Multipemain Real-Time, Pola Interaksi, Keterampilan Sosial, Serious Games, Interaksi Lintas Generasi.