Evaluasi Pertumbuhan Tanaman Alpukat pada Lahan Bekas Jagung dan Tebu di KHDTK Getas-Ngandong, Blora

Rohman Dzaki Hanif Faiz, Ir. Atus Syahbudin, S.Hut., M.Agr., Ph.D., IPU.; Dr. Ir. Dra. Winastuti Dwi Atmanto, M.P., IPU.

2026 | Skripsi | KEHUTANAN

Pemanfaatan kawasan hutan menjadi area pertanian intensif semusim di Kawasan Hutan Dengan Tujuan Khusus (KHDTK) Getas-Ngandong memicu resiko degradasi kesuburan tanah dan penurunan tutupan tajuk. Kegiatan rehabilitasi hutan dan lahan melalui penanaman jenis serbaguna seperti alpukat (Persea americana Mill.) menjadi solusi penting untuk memulihkan fungsi ekologis sekaligus memberikan nilai ekonomi bagi masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis karakteristik adaptasi, mengevaluasi performa pertumbuhan vegetatif, serta menilai tingkat keberhasilan hidup bibit alpukat sambung pucuk pada lahan bekas jagung dan bekas tebu. 

Pengambilan data menggunakan metode sensus, untuk mengamati seluruh tanaman alpukat yang berumur dua bulan hingga enam bulan dengan variabel yang diamati meliputi persentase keberhasilan hidup, diameter dan tinggi batang bawah (rootstock) maupun batang atas (scion), serta jumlah daun total dan daun muda. Analisis data menggunakan analisis deskriptif dan analisis varians (ANOVA). 

Hasil penelitian menunjukan tingkat kelangsungan hidup alpukat lebih baik pada Petak 4 lahan bekas jagung yang dibuktikan melalui tingginya persen hidup (85%) dan pertambahan tinggi scion, tinggi total, daun total, dan daun muda yang lebih unggul dari lahan bekas tebu. Pertumbuhan vegetatif tanaman alpukat di lahan bekas jagung secara umum lebih unggul, seragam, dan stabil pada seluruh variabel pengamatan akibat kondisi tanahnya yang gembur. Sebaliknya, pertumbuhan di lahan bekas tebu cenderung lambat karena tanah memadat oleh sisa akar, meskipun terjadi lonjakan daun di petak tertentu yang diduga sebagai respon darurat stres panas. Potensi keberhasilan rehabilitasi sangat bergantung pada kondisi lingkungan agar tanaman mampu menjaga keseimbangan air. 

The conversion of forest areas into intensive seasonal agricultural land in the Kawasan Hutan Dengan Tujuan Khusus (KHDTK) Getas-Ngandong poses a risk of soil fertility degradation and a decline in canopy cover. Forest and land rehabilitation efforts through the planting of multipurpose species such as avocado (Persea americana Mill.) serve as a key solution to restore ecological functions while providing economic value to local communities. This study aims to analyze adaptive characteristics, evaluate vegetative growth performance, and assess the survival rate of grafted avocado seedlings on land previously used for corn and sugarcane cultivation. 

Data collection used a census method to observe all avocado plants aged two to six months, with observed variables including survival rate, diameter and height of the rootstock and scion, as well as total leaf count and number of young leaves. Data analysis was performed using descriptive analysis and analysis of variance (ANOVA). 

The results of the study show that the survival rate of avocado trees was higher in Plot 4 (land previously used for growing corn), as evidenced by a high survival rate (85%) and better growth in terms of grafted stem height, total height, total number of leaves, and number of young leaves compared to land previously used for growing sugarcane. The vegetative growth of avocado plants on land formerly used for corn cultivation was generally superior, more uniform, and more stable across all observed variables due to the loose soil conditions. In contrast, growth on land formerly used for sugarcane cultivation tended to be slow because the soil was compacted by root residues, although there were spikes in leaf growth in certain plots, which are believed to be an emergency response to heat stress. The potential for successful rehabilitation depends heavily on environmental conditions that allow plants to maintain water balance. 

Kata Kunci : Persea americana Mill., Evaluasi Pertumbuhan, Lahan