Studi Retrospektif Pemeriksaan Sitologi Kasus Neoplasia di RSHP Prof. Soeparwi Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Universitas Gadjah Mada

Nanda Maharani Dewi, drh. Alfarisa Nururrozi, M.Sc, PhD

2026 | Skripsi | KEDOKTERAN HEWAN

Neoplasia merupakan pertumbuhan sel abnormal yang dapat bersifat jinak maupun ganas. Pemeriksaan sitologi digunakan sebagai metode diagnostik awal karena cepat, terjangkau, dan mampu memberikan gambaran awal karakteristik seluler. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran hasil pemeriksaan sitologi pada kasus neoplasia anjing dan kucing berdasarkan asal dan tipe sel serta karakteristik sitologi yang ditemukan di Rumah Sakit Hewan Pendidikan (RSHP) Prof. Soeparwi Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Universitas Gadjah Mada. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Oktober 2025–Februari 2026 menggunakan metode deskriptif observasional dengan pendekatan semi-kualitatif dan rancangan cross- sectional retrospektif. Sampel penelitian berupa 33 preparat sitologi kasus anjing dan kucing yang diperoleh melalui metode fine needle aspiration (FNA), swab, dan impression smear. Preparat diwarnai menggunakan Diff-Quik dan Giemsa, kemudian diamati menggunakan kamera mikroskop digital. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif dan menggunakan uji Chi-Square dengan SPSS. Hasil penelitian didapatkan persebaran sampel sitologi yaitu sebanyak 14 kasus pada anjing (42,42%) dan 19 kasus pada kucing (57,58%). Berdasarkan identifikasi sitologi, kasus neoplasia didapatkan 16 sampel (48,48%), kasus non-neoplasia didapatkan 15 sampel (45,45), serta terdapat 2 kasus yang termasuk ke dalam mix (neoplasia dan non-neoplasia) (6,06%). Hasil uji Chi-Square menunjukkan tidak terdapat hubungan signifikan antara variabel diagnosis dan jenis hewan. Kasus neoplasia terdiri dari 11 kasus epithelial cell (61,11%), 4 kasus round cell (22,22%), dan 3 kasus mesenchymal cell (16,67%). Kasus neoplasia dominan ditemukan pada hewan dewasa hingga tua berumur di atas 5 tahun. Jenis neoplasia yang paling sering ditemukan yaitu tumor mammae, papiloma, dan limfoma, dengan karakteristik neoplasia yang umum dijumpai berupa peningkatan rasio inti sitoplasma, anisokariosis, anisositosis, dan peningkatan aktivitas mitosis. Pemeriksaan sitologi mampu memberikan gambaran awal kasus neoplasia pada anjing dan kucing berdasarkan asal sel, tipe neoplasia, dan karakteristik neoplasia yang ditemukan. 

Neoplasia is an abnormal cell growth that can be either benign or malignant. Cytological examination is widely used as an initial diagnostic method because it is rapid, cost-effective, and capable of providing an overview of cellular characteristics. This study aimed to describe the cytological findings of neoplastic cases in dogs and cats based on the cell of origin, neoplasm type, and cytological characteristics identified at Prof. Soeparwi Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada. The study was conducted from October 2025 to February 2026 using a descriptive observational method with a semi-qualitative approach and a retrospective cross-sectional design. The samples consisted of 33 cytology slides from canine and feline cases obtained by fine needle aspiration (FNA), swab, and impression smear techniques. The slides were stained using Diff-Quik and Giemsa and subsequently examined using a digital microscope camera. Data were analyzed descriptively and statistically using the Chi-Square test with SPSS. The results showed that 14 cytological samples (42.42%) were obtained from dogs and 19 samples (57.58%) from cats. Based on cytological identification, 16 cases (48.48%) were diagnosed as neoplastic, 15 cases (45.45%) as non neoplastic, and 2 cases (6.06%) as mixed lesions (neoplastic and non-neoplastic). The Chi-Square test revealed no significant association between cytological diagnosis and animal species. Neoplastic cases consisted of 11 epithelial cell tumors (61.11%), 4 round cell tumors (22.22%), and 3 mesenchymal cell tumors (16.67%). Neoplastic cases were predominantly found in adult to geriatric animals older than five years. The most frequently identified neoplasms were mammary tumors, papillomas, and lymphomas, with the most common cytological features including an increased nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio, anisokaryosis, anisocytosis, and increased mitotic activity. Cytological examination was able to provide an initial characterization of neoplastic cases in dogs and cats based on the cell of origin, neoplasm type, and cytological characteristics observed. 

Kata Kunci : Anjing, Fine needle aspiration, Kucing, Neoplasia, Sitologi