Uji Patogenisitas Phytopythium vexans dan Globisporangium splendens pada Tiga Varietas Durian

Nadiya Alifah Ghaisani, Prof. Ir. Achmadi Priyatmojo, M.Sc., Ph.D., IPU

2026 | Skripsi | ILMU HAMA & PENYAKIT TUMBUHAN

Penyakit busuk akar dan busuk batang pada tanaman durian merupakan salah satu kendala penting dalam budidaya durian karena dapat menyebabkan penurunan pertumbuhan hingga kematian tanaman. Penyakit ini diketahui disebabkan oleh kelompok oomycetes, diantaranya Phytopythium vexans dan Globisporangium splendens. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan patogen P. vexans dan G. splendens dalam menginfeksi tiga varietas durian, yaitu Bawor, Supertembaga, dan Duri Hitam, serta mengetahui tingkat keparahan penyakit yang ditimbulkan. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Ilmu Penyakit Tumbuhan dan greenhouse Departemen Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan, Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Gadjah Mada pada bulan Oktober 2025 hingga April 2026. Uji patogenesitas secara in vitro dilakukan menggunakan metode detached leaf assay, sedangkan uji in vivo dilakukan menggunakan metode soil drenching. Parameter yang diamati meliputi perkembangan nekrosis daun, keparahan penyakit akar, berat basah akar, dan berat kering akar. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis varians (ANOVA) dan dilanjutkan dengan uji HSD Tukey pada taraf kepercayaan 95%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Phytopythium vexans dan Globisporangium splendens mampu menginfeksi ketiga varietas durian dan menyebabkan gejala nekrosis daun serta busuk akar. Phytopythium vexans menunjukkan tingkat virulensi yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan Globisporangium splendens, ditandai dengan nilai keparahan penyakit serta penurunan berat basah dan berat kering akar yang lebih tinggi. Perbedaan respons antar varietas menunjukkan adanya variasi tingkat ketahanan tanaman terhadap infeksi patogen oomycetes. Varietas Bawor menunjukkan kestabilan terhadap respons patogen Phytopythium vexans dan Globisporangium splendens. 

Root rot and stem rot diseases are major constraints in durian cultivation because they reduce plant growth and may lead to plant death. These diseases are commonly caused by oomycete pathogens, including Phytopythium vexans and Globisporangium splendens. This study aimed to evaluate the pathogenicity of P. vexans and G. splendens on three durian varieties, namely Bawor, Supertembaga, and Black Thorn, and to determine the severity of disease symptoms caused by these pathogens. The research was conducted at the Plant Pathology Laboratory and greenhouse of the Department of Plant Pests and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada, from October 2025 to April 2026. In vitro pathogenicity testing was carried out using the leaf detached assay method, while in vivo testing was performed using the soil drenching method. Observed parameters included leaf necrosis development, disease severity index, fresh root weight, and dry root weight. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey’s HSD test at a 95% confidence level. The results showed that Phytopythium vexans and Globisporangium splendens were able to infect all tested durian varieties and induce leaf necrosis and root rot symptoms. Phytopythium vexans exhibited higher virulence than G. splendens, indicated by greater disease severity and larger reductions in fresh and dry root weights. Differences in disease responses among durian varieties suggested variation in host resistance against oomycete infection. The Bawor variety showed stability against the pathogenic responses of Phytopythium vexans and Globisporangium splendens.

Kata Kunci : busuk akar, durian, Globisporangium splendens, detached leaf assay, Phytopythium vexans