Perbedaan Indeks Kualitas Tanah pada Lahan Karet dan Sawit di Ultisol Lempuing Jaya, Ogan Komering Ilir

Salsabil Luthfy Padmasari, Dr. Ir. Eko Hanudin, M.P., IPU, ASEAN Eng.

2026 | Skripsi | ILMU TANAH

Penelitian ini bertujuan membandingkan indeks kualitas tanah pada lahan karet dan lahan sawit dan atribut kunci yang paling berkontribusi terhadap nilai tersebut pada dua jenis lahan yang berbeda. Pengambilan sampel tanah dilakukan dengan metode purposive sampling. Parameter yang diukur meliputi: tekstur tanah, berat jenis, berat volume, porositas, kadar lengas, stabilitas agregat, pH, C-Organik, KPK, N-total, P-tersedia, K-tersedia, Kejenuhan Al, respirasi tanah, dan Carbon Biomassa Mikroba Tanah. Indeks kualitas tanah ditentukan melalui konsep Minimum Data Set (MDS). Skoring dilakukan dengan membandingkan nilai harkat yang ditentukan. Selanjutnya, masing-masing indikator dijumlahkan menggunakan rumus indeks kualitas tanah dan diharkatkan kedalam indeks kualitas tanah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai indeks kualitas tanah lahan karet sebesar 0,40 yang tergolong harkat rendah dan lahan sawit sebesar 0,49 yang tergolong sedang. Berdasarkan nilai R2 pada analisis stepwise, parameter yang berkontribusi terhadap indeks kualitas tanah adalah C-Organik, Porositas, P-tersedia, Kejenuhan Al, dan C-BMT. Kemudian, disusul oleh produktivitas kedua lahan yang rendah juga.

This study aims to compare the soil quality index for rubber and oil palm plantations and the key attributes that contribute most to that value in these two different types of land. Soil samples were collected using the purposive sampling method. The measured parameters include soil texture, bulk density, specific gravity, porosity, moisture content, aggregate stability, pH, organic carbon, CEC, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, aluminum saturation, soil respiration, and microbial biomass carbon. The soil quality index was determined using the Minimum Data Set (MDS). Scoring was performed by comparing the assigned values. Subsequently, each indicator was summed using the soil quality index formula and classified into soil quality index classes. The results showed that the soil quality index was 0.40 (classified as low) for the rubber plantation and 0.49 (also classified as moderate) for the oil palm plantation. Based on R² values from stepwise analysis, the parameters contributing to the soil quality index were organic C, porosity, available P, Al saturation, and soil microbial biomass carbon. These findings align with the low productivity observed in both plantations.

Kata Kunci : indeks kualitas tanah, karet, sawit, ultisol