Pengaruh Gaya Kepemimpinan terhadap Project Turnover Intention Anggota Tim Proyek Generasi Z di Indonesia dengan Kompleksitas Proyek sebagai Variabel Moderator

Kanistha Ratna Dewati, Ir. Sinta Rahmawidya Sulistyo, S.T., MSIE., Ph.D., IPM.

2026 | Skripsi | TEKNIK INDUSTRI

Saat ini, generasi Z telah mendominasi dunia kerja di Indonesia tetapi memiliki karakteristik turnover intention yang tinggi. Di sisi lain, anggota tim proyek pada perusahaan berbasis proyek seringkali menghadapi lingkungan kerja yang dapat meningkatkan niat untuk meninggalkan proyek yang sedang dijalani (project turnover intention). Kondisi tersebut dapat berdampak negatif pada kinerja proyek, kehilangan implicit knowledge, peningkatan turnover intention dari perusahaan, dan peningkatan overhead cost. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji pengaruh transactional dan transformational leadership terhadap project turnover intention anggota tim proyek generasi Z dan bagaimana pengaruhnya apabila dimoderasi oleh kompleksitas proyek.

Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif cross-sectional dengan instrumen penelitian berupa kuesioner yang diadaptasi dari Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) dan penelitian-penelitian sebelumnya. Instrumen penelitian tersebut kemudian disebarkan dengan metode purposive sampling kepada anggota tim proyek generasi Z di Indonesia yang memiliki atasan langsung. Sebanyak 123 data responden dianalisis menggunakan metode Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM).  

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa transformational leadership berpengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap project turnover intention (? = - 0,292; p = 0,005). Sebaliknya, transactional leadership tidak terbukti berpengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap project turnover intention dan kompleksitas proyek juga tidak terbukti memoderasi hubungan negatif antara gaya kepemimpinan dan project turnover intention. Namun, penelitian ini mendapatkan temuan lain berupa kompleksitas proyek berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap project turnover intention (? = 0,035; p = 0,001). Melalui penelitian ini, diharapkan pemimpin proyek dapat menerapkan transformational leadership dan mengelola kompleksitas proyek secara efektif sebagai strategi untuk menurunkan project turnover intention pada anggota tim proyek generasi Z di Indonesia. 

Generation Z currently dominates the workforce in Indonesia while exhibiting a high tendency toward turnover intention. In project-based organizations, project team members often face working conditions that can heighten their intention to leave an ongoing project (project turnover intention). This phenomenon may negatively affect project performance, result in the loss of implicit knowledge, increase organizational turnover intention, and raise overhead costs. One way to mitigate project turnover intention is through the application of an appropriate leadership style. This study aims to examine the effects of transactional and transformational leadership on project turnover intention among Generation Z project team members and to assess how this relationship is moderated by project complexity. 

This study employs a quantitative cross-sectional approach and uses a questionnaire adapted from the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) and prior studies as the research instrument. The questionnaire was distributed using a purposive sampling method to Generation Z project team members in Indonesia who have a direct supervisor. A total of 123 respondent data points were analyzed using the Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) method. 

The results indicate that transformational leadership has a significant negative effect on project turnover intention (? = -0.292; p = 0.005). In contrast, transactional leadership does not show a significant negative effect on project turnover intention and project complexity does not significantly moderate the negative relationship between leadership style and project turnover intention. However, this study reveals an additional finding, project complexity has a significant positive effect on project turnover intention (? = 0.035; p = 0.001). Based on these findings, project leaders are encouraged to adopt transformational leadership and effectively manage project complexity as strategies to reduce project turnover intention among Generation Z project team members in Indonesia.

Kata Kunci : Transactional Leadership, Transformational Leadership, Project Turnover Intention, Kompleksitas Proyek, Generasi Z, PLS-SEM