Variasi Kadar Triterpenoid Total pada Kulit Kayu Akasia (Acacia mangium Willd.) Generasi Ketiga di KHDTK Alas Kethu Wonogiri, Jawa Tengah

Kevina Laura Donnaputrinta, Masendra, S.Hut., M.Agr., Ph.D; Ir. Agus Ngadianto, S.Hut., M.Sc., Ph.D; Ridla Arifriana, S.Hut., M.Sc.

2026 | Tugas Akhir | D4 PENGELOLAAN HUTAN

Penelitian ini mengevaluasi heritabilitas dan variasi famili kadar triterpenoid total pada kulit kayu generasi ketiga Acacia mangium Willd., meneliti hubungan antara sifat kimia dan pertumbuhannya untuk mendukung seleksi bahan baku pulp rendah pitch. Sampel berasal dari 20 famili penyerbukan terbuka dalam uji keturunan berumur 10 tahun di Alas Kethu KHDTK, Wonogiri, Jawa Tengah. Kulit kayu diekstraksi dengan n-heksana, dan kadar triterpenoid total ditentukan secara kolorimetri menggunakan metode vanilin–asam sulfat. Data dianalisis menggunakan model efek campuran linier, korelasi Pearson, PCA, dan analisis klaster. Diameter pohon, tinggi pohon, dan ketebalan kulit kayu berkisar antara 13,6–25,6 cm, 12,2–17,2 m, dan 6,0–9,0 mm. Hasil ekstraksi n-heksana berkisar antara 0,4–0,8%, dan kadar triterpenoid total berkisar antara 0,4–6,3 µmol/mg. Nilai heritabilitas untuk diameter pohon, ketebalan kulit kayu, dan kadar triterpenoid total tergolong besar (h² > 0,800), sedangkan heritabilitas ekstrak kulit n-heksana tergolong rendah (h² = 0,069). Analisis PCA dan klaster mengelompokan famili-famili tersebut menjadi empat klaster, dengan Famili 13, 12, 10, dan 17 (Grup II) memiliki sifat pertumbuhan yang bagus dengan kadar triterpenoid total yang rendah. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kualitas pulp dan kertas pada A. mangium dapat dikembangkan melalui seleksi famili. 

This study evaluated the heritability and family variation of total triterpenoid levels in the third-generation bark of Acacia mangium Willd., examining the relationship between chemical traits and growth to support the selection of low-pitch pulp raw materials. Samples came from 20 open-pollinated families in a 10-year progeny trial in Alas Kethu KHDTK, Wonogiri, Central Java. Bark was extracted with n-hexane, and total triterpenoid content was determined colorimetrically using the vanillin–sulfuric acid method. Data were analyzed using a linear mixed-effects model, Pearson correlation, PCA, and cluster analysis. Tree diameter, tree height, and bark thickness ranged from 13.6–25.6 cm, 12.2–17.2 m, and 6.0–9.0 mm, respectively. The yield of n-hexane extraction ranged from 0.4–0.8%, and the total triterpenoid content ranged from 0.4–6.3 µmol/mg. The heritability values for tree diameter, bark thickness, and total triterpenoid content were high (h² > 0.800), while the heritability for n-hexane bark extract was low (h² = 0.069). PCA and cluster analysis grouped the families into four clusters, with Families 13, 12, 10, and 17 (Group II) showing good growth traits with low total triterpenoid content. The results of this study indicate that pulp and paper quality in A. mangium can be improved through family selection.

Kata Kunci : Acacia mangium, kulit kayu, kadar triterpenoid total, vanilin–asam sulfat, variasi famili, pemuliaan pohon