Ragam Sumber Pendapatan dan Distribusi Pendapatan Rumah Tangga Petani di Kapanewon Playen Kabupaten Gunungkidul

Irene Mia Puspita Sari, Prof. Dr. Jangkung Handoyo Mulyo, M.Ec.; Sugiyarto, S.P., M.Sc.; Anung Pranyoto, S.P.,M.P.

2026 | Skripsi | SOS.EK. PERTANIAN (AGROBISNIS)

Sektor pertanian berperan sebagai pilar penting dalam perekonomian, namun rumah tangga petani dihadapkan dengan risiko dan tingkat pendapatan yang tidak menentu, sehingga rumah tangga petani melakukan pekerjaan alternatif di sektor selain pertanian, yaitu pekerjaan buruh tani (off-farm) dan pekerjaan selain pertanian (non-farm) untuk pemenuhan hidup. Di Kapanewon Playen struktur dan kontribusi masing-masing sumber pendapatan (on-farm, off-farm, dan non-farm) akan memengaruhi tingkat distribusi dan ketimpangan pendapatan karena adanya perbedaan pilihan pekerjaan yang dilakukan rumah tangga petani. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) mengetahui keragaman sumber pendapatan, (2) mengetahui kontribusi tiap sumber pendapatan, (3) mengatahui tingkat distribusi pendapatan, dan (4) mengetahui pengaruh kenaikan tiap sumber pendapatan terhadap ketimpangan pendapatan rumah tangga petani di Kapanewon Playen. Data primer yang digunakan berjumlah 77 yang dipilih secara acak menggunakan klaster kalurahan. Metode analisis yang digunakan meliputi uji oneway ANOVA, independent t-test, kontribusi pendapatan, uji proporsi binomial, Gini ratio, kurva Lorenz, serta dekomposisi Gini. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat keragaman sumber pendapatan yang dikelompokkan menjadi sumber pendapatan on-farm saja, on-farm dan off-farm, on-farm dan non-farm, serta kombinasi on-farm, off-farm, non-farm. Kontribusi terbesar didapatkan dari sumber pendapatan on-farm sebesar 55,14% yaitu termasuk dalam kategori sedang. Distribusi pendapatan rumah tangga petani termasuk dalam kategori ketimpangan rendah, namun sumber pendapatan non-farm memiliki pengaruh meningkatkan ketimpangan (increasing inequality) apabila terjadi peningkatan pendapatan pada sumber pendapatan non-farm saja. Temuan ini diharapkan dapat menjadi bahan evaluasi dan pertimbangan bagi pemerintah setempat dalam menentukan kebijakan pembangunan ekonomi dengan memperhatikan struktur sumber pendapatan dan menjaga pemerataan pendapatan guna meningkatkan kesejahteraan rumah tangga petani di Kapanewon Playen.

The agricultural sector acts as a vital pillar of the economy, however farm households are constantly confronted with risks and volatile income levels. To sustain their livelihoods, these households engage in alternative livelihoods outside their primary farming activities, specifically agricultural wage labor (off-farm) and non-agricultural employment (non-farm). In Playen District, the structure and contribution of each income source (on-farm, off-farm, and non-farm) significantly influence income distribution and inequality due to the varying occupational choices made by farm households. This research aims to: (1) identify the diversification of income sources, (2) determine the contribution of each income source, (3) assess the level of income distribution, and (4) analyze the impact of an increase in each income source on farm household income inequality in Playen District. Primary data were collected from 77 randomly selected respondents using a sub-district cluster sampling method. The analytical methods employed include the oneway ANOVA, independent t-test, income contribution analysis, binomial proportion test, Gini ratio, Lorenz curve, and Gini decomposition. The results indicate a diversification of income sources, which are categorized into on-farm only, on-farm and off-farm, on-farm and non-farm, and combination of on-farm, off-farm, and non-farm. The largest contribution is derived from on-farm income sources, accounting for 55.14%, which falls into the moderate category. The income distribution among farm households is categorized as low inequality. but the non-farm income source exerts an increasing inequality effect if income growth occurs exclusively within this sector. These findings are expected to serve as an evaluation and consideration for the local government in formulating economic development policies by taking into account the structure of income sources and maintaining income equity to improve the welfare of farm households in Playen Sub-district.

Kata Kunci : sumber pendapatan, kontribusi pendapatan, distribusi pendapatan