Distribusi dan Antibiogram Bakteri Salmonella sp. yang diisolasi dari Limbah Cair RPH Ruminansia di Yogyakarta

Luthfiyah Lintang Aqila, drh. Heru Susetya, M.P., Ph.D.

2026 | Skripsi | KEDOKTERAN HEWAN

Limbah cair rumah potong hewan (RPH) berpotensi menjadi sumber pencemaran lingkungan karena mengandung berbagai mikroorganisme patogen, termasuk Salmonella sp. Selain itu, limbah RPH juga berperan sebagai reservoir penyebaran resistensi antibiotik yang dapat membahayakan kesehatan manusia, hewan, dan lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keberadaan dan distribusi Salmonella sp. pada limbah cair RPH di Yogyakarta serta menentukan tingkat resistensinya terhadap beberapa antibiotik. Sampel limbah cair diambil secara purposive dari RPH Giwangan, Mancasan, dan Kentungan selama bulan Januari-Maret 2026 dengan frekuensi pengambilan sebulan sekali. Sebanyak 47 sampel diisolasi menggunakan Buffered Peptone Water (BPW), Rappaport-Vassiliadis Soya (RVS), dan Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate (XLD), kemudian diidentifikasi melalui media MacConkey Agar (MCA), pengecatan Gram, serta uji biokimia. Uji sensitivitas antibiotik dilakukan menggunakan metode Kirby-Bauer terhadap doxycycline, erythromycin, nalidixic acid, enrofloxacin, dan amoxicillin. Dari 47 sampel diperoleh 237 isolat, kemudian 113 isolat diseleksi dan menghasilkan sembilan belas isolat terduga positif Salmonella sp. Distribusi isolat positif tertinggi ditemukan di RPH Giwangan (63,16%), diikuti Mancasan (21,05%), dan kentungan (15,79%). Keberadaan Salmonella sp. lebih banyak ditemukan pada titik penampungan awal limbah dan cenderung lebih rendah setelah melalui proses pengolahan. Hasil uji resistensi menunjukkan resistensi tertinggi terhadap erythromycin (100%), diikuti doxycycline (44,44%), dan amoxicillin (11,11%), sedangkan sebagian besar isolat masih sensitif terhadap enrofloxacin dan nalidixic acid. Selain itu, tidak ada isolat yang tergolong multidrug resistant (MDR).

Slaughterhouse wastewater has the potential to become a source of environmental contamination due to the presence of various pathogenic microorganisms, including Salmonella sp. Furthermore, slaughterhouse wastewater may serve as a reservoir for the dissemination of antibiotic resistance, posing risks to human, animal, and environmental health. This study aimed to determine the occurrence and distribution of Salmonella sp. in slaughterhouse wastewater in Yogyakarta and to evaluate its resistance to several antibiotics. Wastewater samples were collected purposively drom the Giwangan, Mancasan, and Kentungan slaugterhouses from January to March 2026, with sampling conducted once per month. A total of 47 samples were processed using Buffered Peptone Water (BPW), Rappaport-Vassiliadis Soya (RVS), and Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate (XLD) media, followed by identification using MacConkey Agar (MCA), Gram stainning, and biochemical tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method against doxycycline, erythromycin, nalidixic acid, enrofloxacin, and amoxicillin. From 47 samples, 237 isolates were obtained, of which 113 were further screened, resulting in nineteen presumptive positive Salmonella sp. isolates. The highest distribution os positive isolates was found in the Giwangan slaughterhouse (63,16%), followed by Mancasan (21,05%), and Kentungan (15,79%). Salmonella sp. were more frequently detected at the initial wastewater collection points and tended to be lower after undergoing treatment processes. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed the highest resistance to erythromycin (100%), followed by doxycycline (44,44%), and amoxicillin (11,11%), while most isolates remained susceptible to enrofloxacin and nalidixic acid. Furthermore, no isolates were identified as multidrug resistant (MDR).

Kata Kunci : limbah cair RPH, resistensi antibiotik, Salmonella sp., Yogyakarta. / antimicrobial resitance, Salmonella sp., slaughterhouse wastewater, Yogyakarta.