Daya Saing Ekspor Teh Negara Anggota ASEAN di Pasar Internasional

Nina Prasetyami, Agus Dwi Nugroho, S.P., M.Sc., Ph.D. ; Arif Wahyu Widada, S.P., M.Sc.

2026 | Skripsi | SOS.EK. PERTANIAN (AGROBISNIS)

Teh merupakan salah satu komoditas unggulan perkebunan yang memiliki permintaan yang terus meningkat di pasar internasional. Negara anggota ASEAN turut berpartisipasi dalam kegiatan ekspor teh di pasar internasional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) mengetahui tren ekspor teh negara anggota ASEAN di pasar internasional, (2)  mengukur daya saing ekspor teh negara anggota ASEAN di pasar internasional, (3) mengetahui faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi daya saing ekspor teh negara anggota ASEAN di pasar internasional. Metode analisis least square untuk mengetahui tren ekspor teh di pasar internasional, RCA dan RSCA untuk mengukur daya saing ekspor teh di pasar internasional, dan analisis faktor-faktor dengan metode ECM. Data yang digunakan yaitu data panel dengan periode waktu 1989-2023. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa Indonesia memiliki tren ekspor teh yang menurun sedangkan Malaysia, Thailand, dan Vietnam meningkat. Indonesia dan Vietnam memiliki daya saing kuat, sedangkan Malaysia dan Thailand memiliki daya saing lemah. Hasil analisis ini menemukan bahwa produksi, harga kopi internasional, nilai tukar, keterbukaan ekonomi, indeks modal manusia, dan deflator nilai tambah (pertanian, kehutanan, dan perikanan) berpengaruh terhadap daya saing ekspor teh. Saran penelitian yaitu (1) Eksportir perlu menentukan target pasar dan memahami preferensi konsumen terlebih dahulu, serta melakukan perjanjian kerjasama antarnegara. (2) Perlu pemerataan pendidikan agar kualitas sumber daya manusia menjadi lebih baik sehingga mampu mengadopsi perkembangan teknologi. (3) Pemerintah perlu memberikan insentif fiskal dan pengembangan infrastruktur untuk industri teh. (4) Pemerintah harus menjaga stabilitas nilai tukar melalui kebijakan moneter agar dapat menjaga kelancaran perdagangan internasional.

Tea is one of the leading plantation commodities that has a continuously increasing demand in the international market. ASEAN member countries also participate in tea export activities in the international market. This study aims to: (1) determine the trend of tea exports of ASEAN member countries in the international market, (2) measure the competitiveness of tea exports of ASEAN member countries in the international market, (3) determine the factors that influence the competitiveness of tea exports of ASEAN member countries in the international market. The least square analysis method is used to determine the trend of tea exports in the international market, RCA and RSCA to measure the competitiveness of tea exports in the international market, and factor analysis using the ECM method. The data used is panel data with a time period of 1989-2023. The results of the analysis show that Indonesia has a declining trend in tea exports while Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam have increased. Indonesia and Vietnam have strong competitiveness, while Malaysia and Thailand have weak competitiveness. The results of this analysis found that production, international coffee prices, exchange rates, economic openness, human capital index, and value-added deflators (agriculture, forestry, and fisheries) influence the competitiveness of tea exports. Research suggestions are: (1) Exporters need to determine target markets and understand consumer preferences first, as well as enter into cooperation agreements between countries. (2) Education needs to be more equitable so that the quality of human resources improves so that they are able to adopt technological developments. (3) The government needs to provide fiscal incentives and develop infrastructure for the tea industry. (4) The government must maintain exchange rate stability through monetary policy in order to maintain the smooth flow of international trade.

Kata Kunci : ASEAN, daya saing, ekspor, RCA-RSCA, teh