VARIASI PERILAKU HARIAN MONYET EKOR PANJANG (Macaca fascicularis Raffles, 1821) DI KEBUN RAYA GUNUNG TIDAR

Mutiara Indah Safitri, Ir. Denni Susanto, S.Hut., M.Sc., Ph.D.

2026 | Tugas Akhir | D4 PENGELOLAAN HUTAN

Monyet ekor panjang (Macaca fascicularis) merupakan primata yang memiliki kemampuan adaptasi tinggi terhadap berbagai kondisi habitat. Spesies ini mampu hidup di kawasan alami maupun kawasan yang berdekatan dengan aktivitas manusia, seperti Kebun Raya Gunung Tidar. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi pola perilaku harian, serta menganalisis variasi perilaku antar kelompok monyet ekor panjang di kawasan tersebut. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan metode scan sampling pada tiga kelompok monyet, yaitu Eks-Terminal, Loket, dan Puncak, yang masing-masing diwakili oleh tiga individu berdasarkan kelas umur dan jenis kelamin. Pola perilaku dianalisis secara deskriptif kuantitatif berdasarkan frekuensi relatif, durasi perilaku, dan wilayah jelajah, sedangkan variasi perilaku dianalisis menggunakan uji ANOVA atau Kruskal–Wallis sesuai distribusi normalitas data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pola perilaku harian didominasi oleh aktivitas makan, bergerak, dan istirahat. Kelompok Eks-Terminal memiliki wilayah jelajah terbesar (10,89 ha), diikuti Puncak (4,11 ha) dan Loket (2,08 ha). Kelompok Loket menunjukkan frekuensi perilaku makan dan agresif tertinggi, kelompok Eks-Terminal menunjukkan frekuensi perilaku bergerak tertinggi, sedangkan kelompok Puncak menunjukkan proporsi perilaku istirahat, grooming, dan bermain tertinggi. Analisis variasi perilaku menunjukkan bahwa perilaku makan, bergerak, dan istirahat berbeda signifikan antar kelompok (p < 0> 0,05). Hasil penelitian ini dapat menjadi dasar penyusunan rekomendasi pengelolaan monyet ekor panjang yang disesuaikan dengan karakteristik masing-masing kelompok di Kebun Raya Gunung Tidar.

The long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis) is a primate with a high capacity to adapt to various habitat conditions. This species can inhabit both natural areas and areas adjacent to human activities, such as Gunung Tidar Botanical Garden. This study aimed to identify daily behavioral patterns and analyze behavioral variation among long-tailed macaque groups in the study area. Data were collected using the scan sampling method on three long-tailed macaque groups, namely Ex-Terminal, Loket, and Puncak, each represented by three individuals from different age classes and sexes. Daily behavioral patterns were analyzed descriptively and quantitatively based on relative frequency, behavioral duration, and home range, whereas behavioral variation was analyzed using ANOVA or the Kruskal–Wallis test according to the normality distribution of the data. The results showed that daily behavioral patterns were dominated by feeding, locomotion, and resting. The Ex-Terminal group had the largest home range (10,89 ha), followed by the Puncak group (4,11 ha) and the Loket group (2,08 ha). The Loket group exhibited the highest frequencies of feeding and aggressive behaviors, the Ex-Terminal group exhibited the highest frequency of locomotion, whereas the Puncak group exhibited the highest proportions of resting, grooming, and playing behaviors. Analysis of behavioral variation showed that feeding, locomotion, and resting behaviors differed significantly among groups (p < 0> 0.05). The results of this study provide a basis for developing management recommendations for long-tailed macaques according to the characteristics of each group in the Gunung Tidar Botanical Garden.

Kata Kunci : monyet ekor panjang, perilaku harian, variasi perilaku, wilayah jelajah, aktivitas antropogenik