Kesesuaian Habitat Mangrove untuk Budidaya Kepiting Bakau (Scylla spp.) Berbasis Silvofishery di Kecamatan Sanden, Kabupaten Bantul

Intan Fitriyah Dinillah, Ir. Singgih Utomo, S.Hut., M.Sc., Ph.D.

2026 | Tugas Akhir | D4 PENGELOLAAN HUTAN

Ekosistem mangrove merupakan habitat alami bagi kepiting bakau (Scylla spp.) yang berperan penting dalam mendukung pertumbuhan dan kelangsungan hidup sehingga dapat memengaruhi keberhasilan budidayanya. Budidaya kepiting bakau yang telah dilakukan di kawasan mangrove Kecamatan Sanden belum menunjukkan hasil yang optimal sehingga diperlukan kajian mengenai kesesuaian habitat sebagai dasar pengembangan budidaya kepiting bakau. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kondisi vegetasi mangrove, kondisi lingkungan, dan kesesuaian habitat mangrove untuk budidaya kepiting bakau di Kecamatan Sanden, Kabupaten Bantul. Penelitian dilakukan pada dua area pengamatan, yaitu area pengamatan 1 dengan kerapatan vegetasi tinggi dan area pengamatan 2 dengan kerapatan vegetasi rendah. Parameter yang diamati meliputi kerapatan vegetasi, genangan pasang surut, suhu air, kandungan oksigen air, salinitas air, pH air, ammonia air, dan tekstur substrat yang dianalisis menggunakan Indeks Kualitas Habitat (IKH). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa vegetasi mangrove di kedua area pengamatan didominasi oleh Sonneratia caseolaris dengan kerapatan 1.633 individu/ha pada area pengamatan 1 dan 100 individu/ha pada area pengamatan 2. Kondisi lingkungan menunjukkan kisaran suhu perairan 29,11 - 34,72 °C, salinitas air 1,11 - 8,00 ppt, kandungan oksigen terlarut 3,65 - 4,62 mg/L, ammonia air 1,59 - 1,93 mg/L, dan pH air 7,09 - 7,35. Area pengamatan 1 memiliki substrat lempung dan frekuensi genangan pasang surut yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan area pengamatan 2 yang didominasi substrat pasir. Kesesuaian habitat pada area pengamatan 1 lebih baik dengan nilai IKH sebesar 66,67 dibandingkan area pengamatan 2 sebesar 40,00. Meskipun demikian, tingginya ammonia pada kedua area pengamatan menjadi faktor pembatas utama sehingga perlu menjadi pertimbangan dalam pengembangan budidaya kepiting bakau di kawasan tersebut.

Mangrove ecosystems serve as the natural habitats for mud crabs (Scylla spp.) and play an important role in supporting their growth and survival, which in turn influences the success of their aquaculture. However, mud crab aquaculture activities in the mangrove area of Sanden District have not yet achieved optimal results, highlighting the need for habitat suitability assessment as a basis for sustainable aquaculture development. This study aimed to assess mangrove vegetation conditions, environmental conditions, and the suitability of mangrove habitats for mud crab aquaculture in Sanden District, Bantul Regency. The study was conducted at two observation areas, consisting of observation area 1 with high mangrove vegetation density and observation area 2 with low mangrove vegetation density. Parameters observed included mangrove vegetation density, tidal inundation, water temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), salinity, pH, ammonia concentration, and substrate texture. Habitat suitability was assessed using the Habitat Quality Index (HQI). The results showed that mangrove vegetation at both observation area was dominated by Sonneratia caseolaris, with densities of 1.633 individuals/ha in observation area 1 and 100 individuals/ha in observation area 2. Environmental conditions ranged from 29,11 - 34,72 °C for water temperature, 1,11 - 8,00 ppt for salinity, 3,65 - 4,62 mg/L for dissolved oxygen, 1,59 - 1,93 mg/L for ammonia concentrations, and 7,09 - 7,35 for pH. Observation area 1 was characterized by clay substrate and a higher frequency of tidal inundation than observation area 2, which was dominated by sandy substrate. Habitat suitability was higher in observation area 1, with an HQI value of 66,67, compared to 40,00 in observation area 2. Nevertheless, the hight ammonia concentration in both observation areas was identified as the main limiting factor and should be considered in the development of mud crab aquaculture in the study area. 

Kata Kunci : mangrove, kepiting bakau, silvofishery, kesesuaian habitat