Peran Pemda dan LMA Malamoi dalam penanganan konflik tanah ulayat di Kabupaten Sorong
TENAU, Agustinus, Dr. Nasikun
2005 | Tesis | Magister Administrasi PublikPemberlakuan Otonomi Khusus bagi Propinsi Papua diharapkan berimplikasi bagi masyarakat bersama pemerintah daerah memperhatikan secara serius hak-hak masyarakat adat dan penanganan konflik tanah ulayat. Pemerintah dituntut berperan optimal dan diharapkan Lembaga Masyarakat Adat (LMA) menjadi mitra pemerintah dalam penanganan konflik tanah ulayat di masyarakat adat Malamoi Sorong. Permasalahannya: “Apakah peran pemerintah daerah dan LMA Malamoi dan apakah upaya pemberdayaan masyarakat adat melalui pemberian kompensasi sebagai proses ganti rugi atas konflik tanah ulayat sudah efektif dan maksimal? Melemahnya kewenangan masyarakat hukum adat terhadap tanah ulayat mengindikasikan makin kuatnya hak menguasai negara melalui pelimpahan wewenang keagrariaan di daerah. Pemerintah perlu memberdayakan rakyat, dan organisasi masyarakat menyalurkan partisipasi masyarakat dalam aktivitas sosial dan ekonomi terorganisasi dalam kelompok yang potensial mempengaruhi kebijakan publik (empowering the people). Penelitian ini bertujuan 1) mengetahui peran pemerintah daerah kabupaten Sorong dan LMA Malamoi dalam penanganan konflik tanah ulayat Malamoi Sorong, dan 2) mengidentifikasi upaya pemberdayaan masyarakat adat melalui pemberian kompensasi sebagai proses ganti rugi terhadap konflik tanah ulayat yang telah dilakukan oleh pemerintah daerah kabupaten Sorong bagi masyarakat adat Malamoi. Peran Pemerintah dan LMA Malamoi dengan pola hubungan kemitraan dibutuhkan dalam penanganan konflik tanah ulayat untuk menumbuhkan komitmen kerakyatan dalam penanganan konflik tanah ulayat yang berorientasi pada pemberdayaan masyarakat adat. Hal tersebut akan mempengaruhi proses pembangunan masyarakat adat secara berkelanjutan. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Analisis data dilakukan dengan metode analisis kualitatif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dilapangan menunjukkan bahwa Peran pemerintah daerah kabupaten Sorong sebagai fasilitator maupun regulator belum optimal. Dan peran LMA cukup optimal dalam memperkuat kelembagaan masyarakat adat, mengelola SDA secara partisipatif, dinamisator dan motivator bagi masyarakat adat sekaligus sebagai sumber informasi, dan melakukan lobilobi kepada pemerintah maupun swasta dalam penanganan konflik tanah ulayat. Pola hubungan konspiratif dan manipulatif merupakan sebab utama terjadinya konflik tanah ulayat antara pemerintah daerah dengan masyarakat adat. Pemberian kompensasi dalam penanganan konflik tanah ulayat sebagai suatu upaya pemberdayaan bagi masyarakat adat Malamoi telah menjadi komitmen LMA dalam melakukan penanganan konflik tanah ulayat, dan belum ditanggapi secara serius oleh pemerintah daerah kabupaten Sorong. Pemerintah daerah dalam hubungan kemitraan dengan LMA Malamoi hendaknya memiliki komitmen agar tetap berorientasi kepada pemberdayaan masyarakat adat dan jangan sampai tergoda untuk mencari celah terhadap keberadaan LMA guna memenuhi kepentingan pemerintah.
The implementation of the Special Autonomy for the Papua Province has been expected to imply that the society and regional government focus seriously on the customary rights of the communities and the conflict resolution of customary (ulayat) land ownership. The government is required to play an optimal role and it is expected that the Customary Community Institution (the LMA, Lembaga Masyarakat Adat) will be the government partner in resolving the conflict of customary land ownership of the customary community of Malamoi, Sorong. The problems of study are: “What are the roles of the regional government and the LMA Malamoi and has the customary community empowerment through compensation as the recovery process upon the customary land ownership been effective and maximum?†The weakened authority of the customary law communities upon the customary land ownership indicates the more powerful government control through the agrarian authority delegation at the local areas. The government needs to empower the people and community’s organization and to channel the community’s participation through the social and economic activities organized within the groups potentially influencing the public policies. This research is intended: (1) to study the role of the Regional Government of Sorong District and the LMA of Malamoi in the conflict resolution of the customary land ownership of Malamoi, Sorong; and (2) to identify the effort of the customary community empowerment through the conflict resolution of the customary land ownership by the Regional Government of Sorong District and the LMA of Malamoi. The role of the government and the LMA of Malamoi with the partnership pattern is needed in resolving the conflict of the customary land ownership in order to develop the people commitment in the conflict resolution of the customary land ownership oriented to the customary community empowerment. Such effort will result in the sustainable development of the customary communities. This is a descriptive research. The data of study were collected by means of interview, observation, and documentation methods. The data were analyzed by a qualitative analysis method. The results of field study showed that the role of Regional Government of Sorong District as the facilitator and regulator has not been optimal yet. The role of the LMA has been fairly optimal in establishing the customary community institution, managing the natural resources in participative way, and playing roles as dynamist and motivator for the customary communities as well as being the sources of information and making lobbies to the government and non-government authorities in resolving the customary land ownership. The relation pattern of conspiracy and manipulation has been the main cause of conflict of the customary land ownership between the regional government and the customary communities. The compensation realization in the conflict resolution of the customary land ownership leading to the empowerment of Malamoi customary community has been the commitment of the LMA in the conflict resolution of the customary land ownership and has not been optimally responded yet by the Regional Government of Sorong District. The government with the partnership relation to the LMA should have a commitment oriented to the empowerment of the customary communities and shall not be tempted to take advantages of the LMA existence for the sake of the government’s interest.
Kata Kunci : Konflik Tanah Ulayat,Peran Pemda, Communal Land Conflict, Role of Local Government
