Pengaruh Karakteristik Cleat Terhadap Kualitas Reservoar Gas Metana Batubara Lapangan Batubara Pt. Bukit Asam, Cekungan Sumatera Selatan
SADRAKH MARIHOT ARDIAN PUTRA NAIBAHO, Dr. Ing. Ir. Donatus Hendra Amijaya, S.T., M.T., IPM. ; Ir. Hendra Maulana Irvan, S.T.
2026 | Skripsi | S1 TEKNIK GEOLOGI
The imbalance between global natural gas production and rising market demand has created new opportunities to further develop coalbed methane gas. Methane generated within coal can be stored in fracture systems (cleats) within the coal matrix, enabling coal to function simultaneously as both a source rock and a reservoir. The study area is located within the coal mining concession of PT Bukit Asam Tbk, situated in the South Sumatra Basin, one of the largest coal-producing regions in Indonesia with significant CBM potential. This study aims to evaluate the influence of cleat characteristics on CBM reservoir quality, with particular emphasis on permeability and drilling orientation as key parameters controlling deliverability. The methodology integrates field measurements using scanline and window scan methods to quantify cleat parameters, including aperture, spacing, length/height, orientation, and density. Orientation analysis was conducted using stereonet projection and rose diagrams to determine cleat genesis and the stress regime controlling their development. Secondary permeability was estimated using fracture-based models (match stick and cube models) to represent the fluid flow system within the cleat network. The influence of minor geological structures was also analyzed to assess their local control on cleat heterogeneity.
The results indicate that the cleat system is predominantly composed of face cleats with two principal orientations trending approximately N-S and NE-SW, accompanied by butt cleats that are generally perpendicular to the face cleats, trending E-W and NW-SE. Based on their genesis, endogenic cleats are widely distributed across the study area. Exogenic cleats, associated with Late Miocene compressional tectonics, are more prominent at STA 4, STA 6, and STA 8. Induced cleats are also widely present due to mining activities. Face cleats exhibit lengths ranging from 6.24 to 199 cm, average spacing of 2.75 to 125 cm, apertures of 0.1 to 3 mm, and densities ranging from 0.017 to 0.283 cm?¹. Butt cleats show shorter lengths (0.5 to 13 cm), closer spacing (0.1 to 20 cm), similar aperture ranges (0.1 to 3 mm), and densities between 0.005 and 0.704 cm?¹. Minor geological structures contribute to variations in cleat orientation and intensity, locally increasing permeability anisotropy. At STA 8, structural influence is evident through three distinct cleat-orientation trends. Compared to other observation points, STA 8 has shorter cleat lengths and spacing but exhibits the largest average apertures.
The reservoir quality of CBM, as assessed by the coal's secondary permeability, is considered good. Estimated secondary permeability ranges from 0,011 to 0,038 Darcy using the match stick model and from 0,015 to 0,05 Darcy using the cube model. Permeability was evaluated by excluding induced cleats, based on the assumption that permeability controlled exclusively by natural fractures more represents secondary permeability of coal under subsurface conditions. The wide range of permeability values indicates that cleat network heterogeneity is the primary controlling factor in reservoir fluid flow capacity. Overall, this study demonstrates that the geometric characteristics and orientation of cleats play a dominant role in controlling CBM reservoir quality, particularly deliverability. The quantitative, field-based methodology employed in this study offers a representative framework for reservoir evaluation and can be optimized to formulate strategies, including effective drilling direction planning in coal-bearing reservoir systems.
Kata Kunci : Gas metana batubara, GMB, cleat, permeabilitas, deliverability, scanline, window scan, Formasi Muara Enim.