Asosiasi Implisit dan Persepsi Eksplisit Terhadap Kenyamanan Termal pada Individu di Iklim Tropis di Lingkungan Indoor dan Outdoor

Hendry Susanto, Dr. Eng. Ir. Titis Wijayanto, S.T., M.Des., IPM., ASEAN Eng.

2026 | Skripsi | TEKNIK INDUSTRI

Tahun 2023 tercatat sebagai tahun terpanas dalam sejarah pengukuran modern, dan meningkatnya penggunaan Air Conditioner (AC) telah mengubah cara masyarakat mempersepsikan kenyamanan termal, baik pada lapisan eksplisit yang dapat dilaporkan secara sadar maupun lapisan implisit yang bekerja secara otomatis. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi asosiasi implisit terhadap kenyamanan termal pada kondisi indoor dan outdoor, menganalisis perbedaan persepsi kenyamanan eksplisit dan implisit antar kedua kondisi, serta menganalisis hubungan asosiasi implisit dan persepsi eksplisit dengan sensitivitas termal dan climate change awareness. Penelitian ini melibatkan 212 responden yang terbagi dalam kondisi indoor dan outdoor. Asosiasi implisit diukur menggunakan Implicit Association Test dengan stimulus suhu numerik dan stimulus verbal, sementara persepsi eksplisit, sensitivitas termal, dan climate change awareness diukur melalui kuesioner. Data dianalisis menggunakan berbagai uji statistik parametrik dan non-parametrik yang sesuai dengan karakteristik data. Hasil menunjukkan adanya asosiasi implisit yang kuat antara suhu dingin dengan thermally comfortable dan suhu panas dengan thermally uncomfortable pada kedua kondisi. Kekuatan asosiasi implisit tidak berbeda antara kondisi indoor dan outdoor, yang mengindikasikan bahwa asosiasi tersebut bersifat stabil terhadap paparan lingkungan sesaat. Asosiasi implisit termal tidak berhubungan dengan sensitivitas termal maupun climate change awareness, sementara sensitivitas termal justru menunjukkan hubungan yang jelas dengan preferensi kenyamanan termal eksplisit. Kekuatan asosiasi implisit juga tidak berbeda antar kelompok demografis, namun usia berhubungan dengan preferensi sensasi termal eksplisit. Selain itu, terdapat pergeseran persepsi batas cuaca dalam 14 tahun terakhir, di mana ambang suhu dingin meningkat dan ambang suhu panas justru menurun.

The year 2023 was recorded as the warmest year in modern measurement history, and the increasing use of Air Conditioners (AC) has changed how people perceive thermal comfort, both at the explicit level that can be consciously reported and the implicit level that operates automatically. This study aims to identify individuals' implicit associations with thermal comfort in indoor and outdoor conditions, analyze the difference in explicit and implicit thermal comfort perception between the two conditions, and examine the relationship of implicit association and explicit perception with thermal sensitivity and climate change awareness. This study involved 212 respondents divided between indoor and outdoor conditions. Implicit associations were measured using the Implicit Association Test with numerical and verbal temperature stimuli, while explicit perception, thermal sensitivity, and climate change awareness were measured through questionnaires. Data were analyzed using a range of parametric and non-parametric statistical tests appropriate to the data characteristics. The results show a strong implicit association between cold temperature and thermally comfortable, and between hot temperature and thermally uncomfortable, in both conditions. The strength of implicit association did not differ between indoor and outdoor conditions, indicating that the association is stable against momentary environmental exposure. Implicit thermal association was not related to thermal sensitivity or climate change awareness, while thermal sensitivity showed a clear relationship with explicit thermal comfort preference. Implicit association strength also did not differ across demographic groups, though age was related to explicit thermal sensation preference. Furthermore, a shift in weather threshold perception was found over the past 14 years, where the cold temperature threshold increased and the hot temperature threshold decreased.

Kata Kunci : thermal comfort, Implicit Association Test, persepsi termal, sensitivitas termal, climate change awareness