Analisis Dinamika Morfologi Kangkung Darat (Ipomoea reptans Anon.) Pada Variasi Sistem Irigasi dan Dosis Pupuk Kotoran Hewan di Lahan Pasir Pantai

Reksy Cornelius Saragih, Dr. Ir. Murtiningrum, S.T.P., M.Eng., IPM., ASEAN; Dr. nat. techn. Rizki Maftukhah, S.T.P., M.Sc.

2026 | Skripsi | TEKNIK PERTANIAN

Lahan pasir pantai memiliki keterbatasan dalam menahan air dan unsur hara karena karakteristik tanahnya yang porus, sehingga diperlukan pengelolaan sistem irigasi dan penambahan bahan organik yang tepat untuk mendukung pertumbuhan tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh jenis irigasi dan dosis pupuk kotoran hewan, dan interaksinya terhadap dinamika pertumbuhan kangkung darat (Ipomoea reptans Poir.), serta mengevaluasi kesesuaian model logistik dalam menggambarkan dinamika pertumbuhannya pada lahan pasir pantai. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan faktorial dalam Randomized Complete Block Design dengan dua faktor, yaitu jenis irigasi (sprinkler dan kabut), serta dosis pupuk kotoran hewan (0, 2, 4, dan 6 kg per bedengan). Parameter yang diamati meliputi tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, nilai SPAD, bobot segar, dan bobot kering tanaman. Data dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA, uji lanjut LSD 5%, korelasi Pearson, serta pemodelan logistik berdasarkan tinggi tanaman dan jumlah daun. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jenis irigasi dan dosis pupuk kotoran hewan memberikan pengaruh berbeda terhadap setiap parameter pertumbuhan. Sistem irigasi sprinkler lebih konsisten meningkatkan jumlah daun, sedangkan dosis pupuk kotoran hewan berpengaruh terhadap tinggi tanaman dan biomassa. Interaksi antara jenis irigasi dan dosis pupuk kotoran hewan mempengaruhi parameter biomassa, khususnya pada periode tanam kedua. Nilai SPAD tidak menunjukkan pengaruh nyata terhadap perlakuan, sehingga kandungan klorofil relatif daun cenderung stabil. Parameter yang paling responsif terhadap perlakuan adalah jumlah daun, tinggi tanaman, serta biomassa segar dan kering. Model pertumbuhan logistik sesuai digunakan untuk menggambarkan dinamika pertumbuhan kangkung darat karena mampu mengikuti pola pertumbuhan tinggi tanaman dan jumlah daun selama periode pengamatan. Dengan demikian, kombinasi sistem irigasi dan pemberian pupuk kotoran hewan dengan dosis 4 kg dapat menjadi dasar pengelolaan budidaya kangkung darat pada lahan pasir pantai.

Coastal sandy soils have limited capacity to retain water and nutrients due to their porous nature, making it necessary to manage irrigation systems and apply appropriate amounts of organic matter to support plant growth. This study aims to analyze the effects of irrigation type and manure application rates, as well as their interaction, on the growth dynamics of land water spinach (Ipomoea reptans Poir.), and to evaluate the suitability of the logistic model in describing its growth dynamics on coastal sandy soil. The study employed a factorial design in a Randomized Complete Block Design with two factors: irrigation type (sprinkler and mist) and manure application rate (0, 2, 4, and 6 kg per bed). The observed parameters included plant height, number of leaves, SPAD value, fresh weight, and dry weight of the plants. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, the 5% LSD post-hoc test, Pearson’s correlation, and logistic modeling based on plant height and number of leaves. The results showed that irrigation type and manure application rates had different effects on each growth parameter. The sprinkler irrigation system was more consistent in increasing the number of leaves, while the manure application rate affected plant height and biomass. The interaction between irrigation type and manure application rate influenced biomass parameters, particularly during the second growing period. SPAD values did not show a significant effect of treatment, indicating that the relative chlorophyll content of the leaves tended to remain stable. The parameters most responsive to the treatments were the number of leaves, plant height, and fresh and dry biomass. The logistic growth model is appropriate for describing the growth dynamics of land water spinach because it accurately tracks the growth patterns of plant height and the number of leaves during the observation period. Thus, the combination of the sprinkler irrigation system and the application of 4 kg of animal manure can serve as the basis for managing land water spinach cultivation on coastal sandy soils.

Kata Kunci : Kangkung darat, lahan pasir pantai, irigasi sprinkler, irigasi kabut, pupuk kotoran hewan, logistic growth.