Penerapan Ketentuan Concursus Realis Dalam Putusan Perkara Tindak Pidana Perdagangan Orang di Pengadilan Negeri Kupang

Marcelino Louis Jacob, Dr. Supriyadi, S.H., M.Hum

2026 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Hukum

Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pertimbangan hakim dalam menerapkan ketentuan Concursus Realis pada perkara TPPO di Pengadilan Negeri Kupang. Tujuan selanjutnya adalah merumuskan prospek penerapan ketentuan Concursus Realis ke depan. Penelitian menggunakan metode yuridis normatif-empiris dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, kasus, dan konseptual. Data primer diperoleh melalui wawancara dengan hakim, jaksa, akademisi, pendamping korban, dan korban TPPO. Data sekunder berupa putusan pengadilan, peraturan perundang-undangan, dan literatur hukum yang kemudian dianalisis secara kualitatif-induktif. Penelitian menunjukkan dua kesimpulan. Pertama, penerapan ketentuan concursus realis di Pengadilan Negeri Kupang bersifat inkonsisten. Putusan Nomor 20, 12, dan 13/Pid.Sus/2017/PN.Kpg telah menerapkan concursus realis namun putusan-putusan selanjutnya (Nomor 160/2018, 142/2024, dan 47/2025) tidak menerapkannya meski fakta persidangan memenuhi syarat. Pertimbangan non-yuridis turut menyebabkan penurunan pidana yang signifikan dan eksekusi restitusi yang tidak efektif. Kedua, prospek penerapan ideal memerlukan transformasi sistemik dalam empat hal: rekonstruksi normatif UU PTPPO, penguatan konsistensi hakim melalui Peraturan Mahkamah Agung, peningkatan koordinasi pra-penuntutan antara penyidik dan jaksa, serta integrasi keadilan restoratif melalui mekanisme penyitaan aset sejak tahap penyidikan.

Human trafficking (TPPO) is a complex transnational crime that frequently involves a series of independent yet interrelated criminal acts, raising issues regarding the application of concursus realis provisions under Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana (KUHP). This study aims to analyze the ratio decidendi of judges in applying these provisions to human trafficking cases at the Kupang District Court and to formulate prospects for their future application. The research employs a normative-empiric legal method using statute, case, and conceptual approaches.  Primary data were gathered through interviews with a judge, a prosecutor, an academic, a victim advocate, and a trafficking victim.  Secondary data consist of court verdicts, legislation, and legal literature, analyzed through qualitative-inductive reasoning. This research reveal that the application of concursus realis provisions at the Kupang District Court is inconsistent. Verdicts Number 20, 12, and 13/Pid.Sus/2017/PN.Kpg applied concursus realis, whereas subsequent verdicts (Number 160/2018, 142/2024, and 47/2025) failed to do so despite the trial facts meeting the statutory requirements. Non-juridical considerations also led to significant sentence reductions and ineffective restitution enforcement. The ideal prospects for application require systemic transformation in four dimensions: normative reconstruction of the Anti-Trafficking Law (UU PTPPO), strengthening judicial consistency through a Supreme Court Regulation, improving pre-prosecution coordination between investigators and prosecutors, and integrating restorative justice through asset seizure mechanisms from the investigation stage. 

Kata Kunci : Concursus Realis, Tindak Pidana Perdagangan Orang, Pertimbangan Hakim, Pengadilan Negeri Kupang.