Hubungan Antara Food Neophobia dengan Kualitas Hidup Anak Usia Sekolah Dasar

Umi Wulandari, Ami Novianti Subagya, S.Kep., Ns., M.Kep., Sp.Kep.A; Dr. Fitri Haryanti, S.Kp., M.Kes

2026 | Skripsi | ILMU KEPERAWATAN

Latar belakang: Anak usia sekolah dasar (6–12 tahun) berada pada periode kritis perkembangan fisik, kognitif, dan sosial-emosional yang menentukan kualitas hidupnya. Food neophobia (FN), yaitu keengganan anak untuk mencoba makanan baru, berpotensi membatasi variasi diet dan menyebabkan kekurangan gizi yang berdampak pada penurunan kualitas hidup anak. Data Dinas Kesehatan DIY (2024) mencatat prevalensi gizi bermasalah di Kapanewon Sanden cukup tinggi, dengan 20,5% stunting, 11,5% sangat kurus, dan 7,6% obesitas. Penelitian tentang hubungan FN dengan kualitas hidup anak masih sangat terbatas, khususnya di Indonesia.

Tujuan penelitian: Mengetahui hubungan antara food neophobia dengan kualitas hidup anak usia sekolah dasar di Kapanewon Sanden, Bantul.

Metode: Penelitian kuantitatif analitik korelasional dengan rancangan cross sectional. Populasi adalah siswa kelas I–VI sekolah dasar di Kapanewon Sanden. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan multistage random sampling dengan besar sampel dihitung menggunakan rumus analitis korelatif Dahlan (2013) sebesar 124 siswa. Instrumen yang dipakai untuk mengukur FN adalah Food Neophobia Scale, sedangkan kualitas hidup anak menggunakan PedsQL ™ 4.0 Generic Core Scales. Analisis bivariat menggunakan uji Chi Square. 

Hasil: Sebagian besar anak berada pada kategori FN netral (56,5%), diikuti neofilik (31,5%), dan neofobik (12,1%). Sebanyak 58,1% anak memiliki kualitas hidup baik dan 67,7?rstatus gizi baik. Uji Chi Square menunjukkan tidak terdapat hubungan signifikan antara FN dengan kualitas hidup anak (p = 0,115) maupun antara status gizi dengan kualitas hidup anak (p = 0,120).

Kesimpulan: Food neophobia tidak berhubungan secara signifikan dengan kualitas hidup anak usia sekolah dasar di Kapanewon Sanden.

Background: Primary school-age children (6–12 years) are in a critical period of physical, cognitive, and social-emotional development that determines their quality of life. Food neophobia (FN), defined as a child's reluctance to try new and unfamiliar foods, may limit dietary variety and lead to nutritional deficiencies that negatively affect children's quality of life. Data from the Yogyakarta Provincial Health Office (2024) recorded a notably high prevalence of nutritional problems in Kapanewon Sanden, with 20.5% stunting, 11.5% severely underweight, and 7.6% obesity. Research on the relationship between FN and children's quality of life remains limited, particularly in Indonesia.

Objective: To determine the relationship between food neophobia and quality of life among primary school-age children in Kapanewon Sanden, Bantul.

Method: This study used a quantitative correlational analytic design with a cross-sectional approach. The population consisted of students in grades I through VI at primary schools in Kapanewon Sanden. Sampling was conducted using multistage random sampling, with a sample size of 124 students calculated using the correlative analytic formula by Dahlan (2013). Food neophobia was measured using the Food Neophobia Scale, while children's quality of life was assessed using the PedsQL™ 4.0 Generic Core Scales. Bivariate analysis was performed using the Chi-Square test.

Result: The majority of children were categorized as neutral FN (56.5%), followed by neophilic (31.5%), and neophobic (12.1%). A total of 58.1% of children had good quality of life and 67.7% had good nutritional status. The Chi Square test showed no significant relationship between FN and children's quality of life (p = 0.115), nor between nutritional status and children's quality of life (p = 0.120).

Conclusion: Food neophobia was not significantly associated with quality of life among primary school-age children in Kapanewon Sanden.

Kata Kunci : food neophobia, kualitas hidup, anak usia sekolah dasar