Karakteristik Agronomis Tanaman Kakao (Theobroma cacao L.) Klon Sulawesi 1, Sulawesi 2 dan MCC 02 Asal Setek Mikro Ortotropik dan Sambung Pucuk Plagiotropik

Akmal Furqan Premudya, Dr. Eka Tarwaca Susila Putra SP., MP. ; Dr. Indah Anita Sari, S.P., M.Si.

2026 | Skripsi | AGRONOMI

Teknik perbanyakan kakao menggunakan setek mikro ortotropik sebagai salah satu inovasi baru untuk perbanyakan kakao secara klonal. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui karakteristik dan produktivitas kakao hasil perbanyakan setek mikro ortotropik dibandingkan dengan tanaman asal sambung pucuk plagiotropik. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Kaliwining, Pusat Penelitian Kopi dan Kakao Indonesia selama masa produksi tahun 2025, kondisi tanaman umur 6 tahun. Rancangan percobaan adalah petak terbagi (split plot) dengan petak utama teknik perbanyakan (setek ortotropik dan sambung pucuk plagiotropik), dan anak petak jenis klon, yaitu MCC 02, Sulawesi 1, dan Sulawesi 2. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap karakakteristik agronomis tanaman meliputi komponen produksi dan morfologi tanaman. Pengamatan jumlah buah, sebagai komponen utama produksi diamati dengan interval waktu 1 bulan selama 12 bulan. Nilai pod index dihitung berdasarkan jumlah biji per buah, dan berat per biji kering untuk perhitungan produktivitas tanaman. Di samping itu juga diamati karakteristik morfologi tanaman antara lain luas permukaan cabang primer, cabang sekunder, kerapatan bantalan bunga. Hasil analisis kontras menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada perbedaan produktivitas antara tanaman asal setek mikro ortotropik dengan sambung pucuk plagiotropik, namun terdapat perbedaan nyata antarklon, yaitu Sulawesi 1 menunjukkan produktivitas tertinggi disusul Sulawesi 2 dan MCC 02. Analisis random forest menunjukkan ada sepuluh variabel yang berkontribusi besar terhadap produktivitas kakao, yaitu jumlah buah (0,334), rerata jumlah bunga/bantalan (0,118), bobot segar buah (0,095), tebal kulit buah (0,072), jumlah biji (0,066), luas permukaan tersier (0,065), luas permukaan sekunder (0,047), panjang buah (0,045), berat per biji kering (0,042), dan lilit buah (0,025). Informasi ini dapat digunakan sebagai dasar perlakuan agronomis untuk mendapatkan produktivitas kakao yang optimal.

Cocoa propagation technique uses orthotropic micro cuttings as a new innovation for clonal cocoa propagation. The research aims to determine the characteristics and productivity of cocoa from orthotropic cuttings compared to plants from plagiotropic grafting. The research was conducted at the Kaliwining Station, Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute during the 2025 production period, with 6-year-old plants. The experimental design was a split plot with the main plot using propagation techniques (orthotropic micro cuttings and plagiotropic grafting), and the subplots using clone types, namely MCC 02, Sulawesi 1, and Sulawesi 2. Observations were made on the agronomic characteristics of the plants, including production components and plant morphology. Observations on the number of pods, as the main component of production, were conducted at one-month intervals for 12 months. The pod index value is calculated based on the number of beans per pod, and the weight per dry bean for calculating plant productivity. In addition, the morphological characteristics of the plants were also observed, including the surface area of primary branches, secondary branches, and density of flower pads. The results of the contrast analysis showed that there was no difference in productivity between plants from orthotropic micro cuttings and plagiotropic grafting, but there were significant differences between clones, namely Sulawesi 1 showed the highest productivity followed by Sulawesi 2 and MCC 02. Random forest analysis shows that there are ten variables that contribute greatly to cocoa productivity, namely the number of fruit (0.334), average number of flowers/pads (0.118), fresh pod weight (0.095), pod skin thickness (0.072), number of seeds (0.066), tertiary surface area (0.065), secondary surface area (0.047), pod length (0.045), dry weight of bean (0.042), and pod circumference (0.025). This information can be used as a basis for agronomic treatment to obtain optimal cocoa productivity.

Kata Kunci : Kata kunci; kakao, setek mikro ortotropik, sambung pucuk plagiotropik, klonal