STUDI EKSPERIMENTAL PENGARUH KOMBINASI Ni, Fe, Mg PADA HZSM-5 SERTA DEBIT FEEDSTOCK TERHADAP KINERJA PIROLISIS MINYAK JELANTAH
Adhika Pramudhia Kirana, Robertus Dhimas Dhewangga Putra
2026 | Skripsi | TEKNIK MESIN
Waste Cooking Oil (WCO) is an organic waste with immense potential to
be converted into high-value alternative liquid fuels through catalytic pyrolysis
technology. HZSM-5 has been widely recognized as a superior heterogeneous
catalyst in carbon bond cracking reactions. However, the application of a single
catalyst like pristine HZSM-5 is frequently hindered by rapid deactivation and
suboptimal thorough deoxygenation capacity. This study aims to investigate the
effect of monometallic and bimetallic modifications of transition and alkaline earth
metals (Ni, Fe, Mg) on the HZSM-5 support matrix to enhance the quality and
quantity of biofuel products. Furthermore, this research empirically examines the
effect of feedstock flow rate variations in a continuous reactor configuration on the
product distribution.
Catalytic pyrolysis of WCO was conducted using a continuous fixed-bed
reactor operated at a constant temperature of 450°C for 2 hours. Six types of
catalysts, namely pristine HZSM-5, Ni/HZSM-5, Fe/HZSM-5, Mg/HZSM-5, Ni
Fe/HZSM-5, and Ni-Mg/HZSM-5, were synthesized via incipient wet impregnation
method. The WCO flow rate was varied at 1 mL/min and 2 mL/min to modulate
the reactant vapor residence time. A comprehensive operational evaluation of the
system was performed through catalyst pore characterization using a Brunauer
Emmett-Teller (BET) instrument, product yield distribution calculations, Higher
Heating Value (HHV) testing using a bomb calorimeter, density and viscosity
measurements, functional group transformation identification using FTIR
spectroscopy, gas fraction analysis using Gas Chromatography (GC), and energy
recovery calculations.
BET analysis results indicated that metal integration (except Mg)
successfully expanded the specific surface area and total pore volume of HZSM-5,
with the Fe/HZSM-5 catalyst achieving the highest area. Regarding quantity
distribution, the application of a 2 mL/min operating flow rate consistently
minimized the secondary cracking phenomenon, thereby significantly boosting the
bio-oil yield across the majority of catalyst variations. The maximum bio-oil yield
of 51.08% was achieved by the Ni/HZSM-5 catalyst at a flow rate of 2 mL/min.
From the aspect of energy quality, all catalytic bio-oil samples recorded a surge in
HHV to the range of 40.45–42.48 MJ/kg, with the highest achievement obtained by
Fe/HZSM-5 at 1 mL/min. FTIR analysis corroborated these results by confirming
deoxygenation activity, characterized by a drastic decrease in the absorption
intensity of ester and carboxylic acid groups. Holistically, the implementation of
the Ni/HZSM-5 catalyst combined with a flow rate of 2 mL/min is recommended
as the most optimal operating parameter as it provides the best synergy among
maximizing bio-oil yield, achieving a high heating value, and attaining the highest
bio-oil energy recovery at 53.80%.
Kata Kunci : pirolisis kontinu, minyak jelantah, modifikasi katalis, debit feedstock, HZSM-5