Akumulasi Biomassa Seresah Dan C-Organik Tanah Pada Tegakan Sengon Buto Umur Berbeda Di Lahan Pasca Tambang Batu Bara, Kalimantan Tengah

Retno Anjani Novitasari, Dr. Ir. Daryono Prehaten, S. Hut., M.Sc., IPM. ; Dr. Ir. Handojo H. Nurjanto, M.Agr.Sc., IPU.

2026 | Skripsi | KEHUTANAN

Aktivitas pertambangan batu bara mengakibatkan penurunan kualitas tanah, sehingga perlu dilakukan reklamasi dan revegetasi dengan tanaman pionir cepat tumbuh seperti Sengon Buto (Enterolobium cyclocarpum) sehingga dapat memulihkan kesuburan tanah melalui siklus hara dan masukan seresah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis akumulasi biomassa seresah, kandungan C-organik tanah, serta hubungan keduanya pada tegakan Sengon Buto dengan variasi umur yang berbeda yaitu 1 tahun, 8 tahun, dan 13 tahun di lahan reklamasi pasca tambang batu bara.

Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Januari—Mei 2026 menggunakan metode purposive sampling dengan membuat petak ukur 20 m × 20 m sejumlah 3 ulangan setiap umur tegakan. Pengambilan sampel seresah dan tanah (kedalaman 0-10 cm) dilakukan secara sistematis horizontal pada sub plot 1 m × 1 m. Analisis biomassa seresah dilakukan dengan pengovenan suhu 80°C hingga berat konstan, sedangkan kadar C-organik tanah diuji dengan spektrofotometri UV-Vis pada panjang gelombang 561 nm. Data dianalisis secara statistik menggunakan uji ANOVA atau Kruskal Wallis dan uji korelasi Spearman, serta secara deskriptif kuantitatif.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan akumulasi biomassa tertinggi pada umur 8 tahun (6,707 ton/ha), diikuti umur 13 tahun (2,421 ton/ha), dan umur 1 tahun (0,091 ton/ha). Rerata kadar C-organik meningkat seiring bertambahnya umur yaitu 0,723% (umur 1 tahun), 1,430% (8 tahun), dan 1,746% (13 tahun). Kemudian rerata kandungan C-organik per hektar yaitu 10,702 ton/ha (umur 1 tahun), 19,783 ton/ha (umur 8 tahun), dan 25,274 ton/ha (umur 13 tahun). Pertambahan umur tegakan memiliki pengaruh yang nyata terhadap biomassa seresah dan C-organik tanah, tetapi tingginya biomassa seresah tidak selalu meningkatkan C-organik tanah.

Coal mining activities result in a decline in soil quality, necessitating reclamation and revegetation efforts using fast-growing pioneer species such as Sengon Buto (Enterolobium cyclocarpum) to restore soil fertility through nutrient cycling and litter input. This study aimed to analyze litter biomass accumulation, soil organic carbon (C-organic) content, and the relationship between the two in Sengon Buto stands of varying ages (1, 8, and 13 years) on post-coal-mining reclamation land in Central Kalimantan.

The research was conducted from January to May 2026 using a purposive sampling method, with 20 m × 20 m sample plots established in three replications for each stand age. Litter and soil samples (at a depth of 0–10 cm) were collected systematically along horizontal transects within 1 m × 1 m subplots. Litter biomass was analyzed by oven-drying at 80°C until constant weight was achieved, while soil organic carbon content was determined using UV-Vis spectrophotometry at a wavelength of 561 nm. Data were analyzed statistically using analysis of variance (ANOVA) or the Kruskal-Wallis test, along with Spearman correlation analysis, as well as descriptive quantitative analysis.

The results showed that the highest litter biomass accumulation occurred in the 8-year-old stand (6.707 tons/ha), followed by the 13-year-old stand (2.421 tons/ha), and the 1-year-old stand (0.091 tons/ha). The mean soil organic carbon content increased with stand age, recorded at 0.723% (1-year-old), 1.430% (8-year-old), and 1.746% (13-year-old). Furthermore, the mean soil organic carbon content per hectare was 10.702 tons/ha (1-year-old), 19.783 tons/ha (8-year-old), and 25.274 tons/ha (13-year-old). Increasing stand age had a significant effect on litter biomass and soil organic carbon; however, higher litter biomass did not consistently correspond to an increase in soil organic carbon.

Kata Kunci : Biomassa Seresah, C-Organik Tanah, Reklamasi Tambang, Sengon Buto