Analisis konflik sosial dalam proses penerapan Peraturan Pemerintah No.42 Tahun 1999 tentang pembentukan Kecamatan Makian Malifut di Kabupaten Maluku Utara
HUSAIN, Thamrin, Dr. Nasikun
2005 | Tesis | Magister Administrasi PublikPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami mengapa proses penerapan Peraturan Pemerintah No 42 Tahun 1999 di wilayah Kabupaten Daerah Tingkat II Maluku Utara menimbulkan konflik sosial dalam masyarakat. Kecamatan Kao dan Makian Malifut pada tahun 1999 merupakan bagian dari wilayah pemerintahan Kabupaten Daerah tingkat II Maluku Utara. PP No 42 tahun 1999 kemudian menetapkan 5 desa Kao masuk dalam Kecamatan Makian Malifut yang dalam proses penerapannya memunculkan konflik. Beberapa sumber konflik dapat ditelaah melalui sentimen primordial dalam masyarakat, perbedaan kepentingan antar aktor pelaksana dan kontroversi tentang isi peraturan pemerintah. Analisis data penelitian mengungkapkan konflik sosial terjadi karena secara kultural, pemerintah pusat maupun daerah menafikan unsur adat dalam pembuatan kebijakan, dan secara politis tidak melibatkan masyarakat dan aparat kecamatan dalam proses perumusan kebijakan. Akibatnya, terjadi pro kontra antara masyarakat Kao dan Makian. Beberapa sumber konflik yang memperkuat sikap masyarakat adalah sentimen primordial. Perbedaan kepentingan ekonomi, politik maupun kultural antar aparat kecamatan, kabupaten dan tokoh adat serta kontroversi masyarakat dalam memahami isi pasal pun ikut memperkeruh situasi konflik dalam proses penerapan PP tersebut. Dengan hasil analisis tersebut, penulis mengajukan beberapa rekomendasi seperti perlunya pendekatan ke masyarakat dalam proses pembuatan kebijakan, koordinasi secara pro aktif dari pemerintah kabupaten dalam proses penerapan sebuah kebijakan, serta dihindarinya pendekatan elitis dalam setiap keputusan penting yang menyangkut hajat hidup orang banyak.
The process of implementing the Government Regulation No. 42/1999 in North Maluku has caused social conflict between the people of Makian Malifut and Kao. According to Government Regulation No. 42/1999, the inhabitants of Sosol, Wangeotak, Tomabaru, Gayok, and Tobobo villages of Kao subdistrict are to be united with Makian Malifut subdistrict-which is, then, rejected by the five villages. This research is aimed at finding out how the process of applying the Government Regulation No. 42/1999 in North Maluku sub-regency (Daerah Tingkat II) has caused social conflict among local people. This research has the pretension to gain a comprehensive portrayal related to several main causes of this conflict during this process. To answer the research questions, the writer employs descriptive method-usually called qualitative method. For data collection technique, it is conducted through observation, interview, and document. The data is then analyzed using qualitative method including data reduction, data display, and data verification. Kao and Makian Malifut subdistrict in 1999 are part of North Maluku subregency. The people of the five villages are from Pagu ethnic who first inhabited the once lived in Makian Island in the west of Halmahera and then moved to Malifut area due to the threat of Kie Besi Mountain eruption in 1975. Later on, Government Regulation No. 42/1999 establish that the five villages in Kao are to be included into Makian Malifut subdistrict. However, during its application, social conflict emerges. Some causes of this conflict can be analyzed through primordial sentiment within local society, different interest among the implementers, and the controversy related to the content of this government regulation. Data analysis of this research shows that this social conflict occurs due to the fact that in their decision making, cultural, central and regional government ignore the local customs; and, politically, they do not involve local society and security in the policy making. Consequently, there are pro’s and con’s among people of Kao and Makian. The main cause of social conflict which strengthens the attitudes of local people is primordial sentiment. The values in the custom of Kao community which are based on old habits and Christian religion are different from Makian society which refers to old habits and Islamic values. The difference in economic, politic, and cultural interest among the sub district, district security, and social figures plus the social controversy in understanding the content of this chapter also worsens the conflict during the process of applying the regulation. Based on the finding of the research, the writer proposes some recommendations i.e. regency govt should carry out tradition approach persuasively before implementing rule, generelises interest among implementors through sharing and should give understanding about the content of rule to society
Kata Kunci : Konflik Sosial,PP No42 Tahun 1999,Pembentukan Kecamatan, Policy establishment process, Government Regulation No. 42 Tahun 1999, social conflict
