PENGEMBANGAN CARBONIZED POLYMER DOTS (CPDs) SEBAGAI MATERIAL BERFLUORESENSI BERBASIS LIMBAH POLIETILEN TEREFTALAT (PET) MELALUI KALSINASI KERING DAN BASAH

RIDHO KURNIAWAN, Dr.Eng. Ahmad Kusumaatmaja, S.Si., M.Sc.

2026 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Fisika

Limbah polietilen tereftalat (PET) berpotensi dimanfaatkan sebagai prekursor material luminesen berbasis carbonized polymer dots (CPDs). Penelitian ini mengkaji pengaruh koprekursor dan jalur kalsinasi kering–basah terhadap fotoluminesensi, heterogenitas material padat, dan kecenderungan quenching. PET dikombinasikan dengan asam sitrat (CA) atau L-glutamat (LGA), serta p-fenilendiamina (pPDA) atau m-fenilendiamina (mPDA), kemudian dipanaskan dalam autoklaf berlapis Teflon pada 180 °C selama 5 jam, tanpa air untuk jalur kering dan dengan air untuk jalur basah. Produk dikarakterisasi menggunakan UV–Vis, PL/PLE, PL mapping, FTIR, Raman, SEM/EDX, dan TG/DTA.

Hasil PL/PLE sampel wet menunjukkan bahwa sistem pPDA menghasilkan dua kanal eksitasi–emisi, sedangkan sistem mPDA menghasilkan tiga kanal, dengan kanal terpanjang pada LGA-mPDA wet pada pasangan  ex/em 583/608 nm. Pada sistem CA-pPDA, sampel wet menunjukkan heterogenitas keadaan optik relatif dan morfologi padatan yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan sampel dry, didukung oleh analisis Urbach-like, PL mapping, FTIR, Raman, dan SEM/EDX. Kedua jalur tetap menghasilkan emisi PL pada fase padat, tetapi sampel dry cenderung mempertahankan fraksi luminesen dalam padatan, sedangkan sampel wet menghasilkan fraksi luminesen yang lebih mudah diakses etanol namun lebih heterogen pada fase padat. Dengan demikian, limbah PET berhasil ditransformasi menjadi material CPDs/CPDs-like heterogen, dengan koprekursor menentukan kanal emisi dan keberadaan air memengaruhi heterogenitas serta kecenderungan quenching.

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) waste has potential as a precursor for luminescent materials based on carbonized polymer dots (CPDs). This study investigated the effects of co-precursors and dry–wet calcination routes on the photoluminescence, solid-state heterogeneity, and quenching tendency of PET-based luminescent materials. PET was combined with citric acid (CA) or L-glutamate (LGA), and with p-phenylenediamine (pPDA) or m-phenylenediamine (mPDA), followed by heating in a Teflon-lined autoclave at 180 °C for 5 h. The dry route was conducted without added water, whereas the wet route used water as the reaction medium. The products were characterized using UV–Vis, PL/PLE, PL mapping, FTIR, Raman, SEM/EDX, and TG/DTA analyses.

The PL/PLE results of the wet samples showed that the pPDA-based systems exhibited two excitation–emission channels, whereas the mPDA-based systems exhibited three channels, with the longest-wavelength channel observed in LGA-mPDA wet at a ex/em pair of 583/608 nm. In the CA-pPDA system, the wet sample exhibited greater relative optical-state heterogeneity and solid-state morphological heterogeneity than the dry sample, as supported by Urbach-like analysis, PL mapping, FTIR, Raman, and SEM/EDX. Both routes produced materials that remained luminescent in the solid state; however, the dry samples tended to retain the luminescent fraction within the solid matrix, whereas the wet samples produced luminescent fractions that were more accessible to ethanol but more heterogeneous in the solid state. Therefore, PET waste was successfully transformed into heterogeneous CPDs/CPDs-like luminescent materials, in which the co-precursors determined the emission channels, while the presence of water influenced heterogeneity and quenching tendency.

Kata Kunci : limbah PET, carbonized polymer dots, fotoluminesensi, kalsinasi kering–basah, quenching