Korelasi Frekuensi Kicauan dan Kadar Corticosterone pada Burung Kenari Jantan (Serinus canaria) dengan Suplementasi Tepung Cangkang Kerang Darah di Jogja Exotarium

Fahma Irbahafilah Yumna, Drh. Sri Gustari, M.P.

2026 | Skripsi | KEDOKTERAN HEWAN

Burung kenari (Serinus canaria) merupakan burung kicau dengan kemampuan vokalisasi kompleks yang dapat dipengaruhi oleh kondisi fisiologis, termasuk perubahan kadar hormon stres, yaitu corticosterone. Aktivitas kicauan pada burung, khususnya tipe call dan song, diketahui berkaitan dengan kondisi perilaku, fisiologis, serta respons terhadap lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara frekuensi kicauan tipe call dan song dengan kadar hormon corticosterone pada burung kenari jantan yang diberikan suplementasi tepung cangkang kerang darah. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada Oktober–Desember 2024 di Mini Zoo Jogja Exotarium, Yogyakarta, menggunakan empat ekor burung kenari jantan dewasa. Tiga ekor burung diberikan suplementasi tepung cangkang kerang darah sebanyak 0,1 mg/ekor/hari, sedangkan satu ekor digunakan sebagai kontrol. Pengamatan vokalisasi dilakukan setiap minggu melalui perekaman suara dan dianalisis menggunakan perangkat lunak Audacity dalam bentuk spektrogram. Frekuensi kicauan dihitung berdasarkan jumlah vokalisasi per 5 menit pada setiap individu dan diklasifikasikan menjadi tipe call dan song. Pengukuran kadar corticosterone dilakukan secara non-invasif menggunakan metode enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kompetitif dari sampel feses. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji korelasi non-parametrik Spearman dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95% setelah uji normalitas Shapiro-Wilk. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa kadar corticosterone serta frekuensi kicauan tipe call dan song pada kelompok perlakuan memiliki pola perubahan yang relatif serupa dengan kelompok kontrol selama periode penelitian. Frekuensi kicauan tipe call memiliki korelasi positif dengan kadar corticosterone (r = 0,418; p = 0,107), sedangkan frekuensi kicauan tipe song menunjukkan korelasi negatif dengan kadar corticosterone (r = -0,416; p = 0,109). Kedua hubungan tersebut tidak signifikan secara statistik (p > 0,05). Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa frekuensi kicauan tipe call dan song tidak berkorelasi secara signifikan dengan kadar corticosterone pada burung kenari jantan, serta belum mengindikasikan adanya perubahan pola kadar corticosterone dan aktivitas kicauan yang berbeda pada kelompok yang mendapat suplementasi tepung cangkang kerang darah dibandingkan kelompok kontrol. 

Canaries (Serinus canaria) are songbirds with complex vocalization abilities that are influenced by physiological conditions, including changes in corticosterone, the primary stress hormone in birds. Bird vocalization activity, particularly call and song types, is known to be associated with behavioral and physiological conditions as well as responses to environmental factors. This study aimed to determine the relationship between the frequency of call and song vocalizations and corticosterone hormone levels in male canaries supplemented with blood clam shell powder. The study was conducted from October to December 2024 at Jogja Exotarium Mini Zoo, Yogyakarta, using four adult male canaries. Three birds received zinc supplementation in the form of blood clam shell powder at a dose of 0.1 mg/bird/day, while one bird served as the control. Vocalization observations were conducted weekly through sound recordings and analyzed using Audacity software in spectrogram form. Vocalization frequencies were calculated based on the number of vocalizations per 5 minutes for each individual bird and classified into call and song types. Corticosterone levels were measured non-invasively using the competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method from fecal extract samples. Data were analyzed using the non-parametric Spearman correlation test at a 95% confidence level following the Shapiro–Wilk normality test. Results showed that corticosterone levels and the frequencies of call and song vocalizations in the treatment group exhibited patterns of change that were relatively similar to those observed in the control group throughout the study period. Call vocalization frequency showed a positive correlation with corticosterone levels (r = 0.418; p = 0.107), whereas song vocalization frequency showed a negative correlation with corticosterone levels (r = -0.416; p = 0.109). Both relationships were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). These findings indicate that call and song vocalization frequencies were not significantly correlated with corticosterone levels in male canaries and did not suggest any distinct changes in corticosterone patterns or vocalization activity between birds receiving blood clam shell powder supplementation and those in the control group.

Kata Kunci : Burung kenari, Corticosterone, Call, Song, Cangkang kerang darah.