Uji Efektivitas Anti Multidrug-resistant dari isolat Jamur Endofit pada Tanaman Srikaya (Annona squamosa L.)

Aprilia Kusuma Wardani, Wahyu Aristyaning Putri, S.Si., M.Sc., Ph.D.; Prof. Rina Sri Kasiamdari, S.Si., Ph.D.

2026 | Skripsi | BIOLOGI

Peningkatan prevelensi mikroorganisme resisten terhadap obat antimikroba komersial mendorong urgensi pentingnya mengeksplorasi produk alami sebagai sumber alternatif baru untuk pengembangan antimikroba. Tanaman srikaya (Annona squamosa L.) merupakan tanaman obat potensial mengandung mikroorganisme endofit seperti jamur yang mampu menghasilkan senyawa bioaktif alami untuk pengembangan obat baru. Untuk itu dilakukan penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui keberadaan jamur endofit pada daun tanaman srikaya yang memiliki aktivitas anti-MDR, serta mengidentifikasi profil senyawa bioaktif yang diperoleh dari ekstrak jamur endofit tersebut. Isolasi dan skrining dilakukan dengan metode agar plug. Ekstraksi metabolit sekunder dilakukan melalui metode maserasi. Aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak jamur endofit dilakukan dengan metode sumuran, dan dilanjutkan analisis LC-HRMS untuk mengetahui senyawa aktif yang terkandung dalam ekstrak jamur endofit. Identifikasi molekuler dilakukan dengan sekuensing gen ITS. Aktivitas antibakteri paling optimal didapatkan oleh isolat jamur endofit DT2 dengan diameter zona hambat sebesar 17,5 ± 2,12mm pada bakteri MDR Escherichia coli, 15, 5 ± 2,12mm pada bakteri MDR Klebsiella pneumoniae, dan 14,5 ± 3,53mm pada bakteri MRSA. Berdasarkan analisis gen ITS, isolat DT2 teridentifikasi sebagai Rhodotorula mucilaginosa. Ekstrak etil asetat jamur endofit menunjukkan aktivitas antibakteri kuat terhadap bakteri MRSA dengan zona hambat terbentuk sebesar 17mm. Senyawa 3-(propan-2-yl) octahydropyrrolo [1,2 a] pyrazine-1,4-dione yang merupakan golongan senyawa peptida, dan nikotinic acid yang merupakan golongan senyawa alkaloid menunjukkan potensi paling besar sebagai agen antibakteri MDR terutama bakteri MRSA dengan nilai Antibac-pred sebesar 0,5408 dan 0,2826. Dengan demikian, jamur endofit tanaman srikaya berpotensi menjadi sumber senyawa alami dan berperan besar dalam menghadapi peningkatan resistensi antibiotik.

The increasing prevalence of microorganisms resistant to commercial antimicrobial drugs underlines the urgency of exploring natural products as a new alternative source for antimicrobial development. Custard Apple plant (Annona squamosa L.) is a potential medicinal plant containing endophytic microorganisms, such as fungi, that are capable of producing natural bioactive compounds for the development of new drugs Therefore, this study was aims to determine the presence of endophytic fungi in srikaya leaves that exhibit anti-MDR activity, as well as to identify the profile of bioactive compounds obtained from the endophytic fungal extract. Isolation and screening were performed using the agar plug method. Secondary metabolite extraction was carried out via the maceration method. The antibacterial activity of the endophytic fungal extract was assessed using the well diffusion method, followed by LC-HRMS analysis to identify the active compounds contained in the endophytic fungal extract. Molecular identification was performed via ITS gene sequencing. The most optimal antibacterial activity was obtained by endophytic fungal isolate DT2, with an inhibition zone diameter of 17.5 ± 2.12 mm against MDR Escherichia coli, 15.5 ± 2.12 mm against MDR Klebsiella pneumoniae, and 14.5 ± 3.53 mm against MRSA. Based on ITS gene analysis, isolate DT2 was identified as Rhodotorula mucilaginosa. The ethyl acetate extract of the endophytic fungus exhibited strong antibacterial activity against MRSA, with an inhibition zone of 17 mm. The compound 3-(propan-2-yl)-octahydropyrrolo [1,2-a]pyrazine-1,4-dione which belongs to the peptide class, and nikotinic acid which belongs to the alkaloid class, showed the greatest potential as antibacterial agents against MDR bacteria, particularly MRSA with Antibac-pred values of 0.5408 and 0.2826. As such, endophytic fungi from srikaya plants have the potential to serve as a source of natural compounds and play a significant role in addressing the rise in antibiotic resistance.

Kata Kunci : antibakteri, jamur endofit, multidrug-resistant, srikaya