Pengembangan Model Alometrik Penduga Biomassa dan Karbon di Tegakan Jati Klon menggunakan Parameter Terrestrial Laser Scanning di Hutan Wanagama 1

Febrian Dwi Saputra, Bekti Larasati, S.Hut., M.Sc., M.Agr.Sc. ; Ir. Budi Mulyana, S.Hut., M.Si. Ph.D., IPM

2026 | Skripsi | KEHUTANAN

Estimasi biomassa dan stok karbon hutan secara akurat merupakan komponen penting dalam mitigasi perubahan iklim dan pengelolaan hutan berkelanjutan. Pengukuran biomassa secara konvensional umumnya menggunakan metode destruktif yang memerlukan waktu, biaya, dan tenaga besar. Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) menawarkan pendekatan non-destruktif yang mampu merekam struktur pohon secara tiga dimensi dengan ketelitian tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kemampuan TLS dalam memperoleh parameter struktur pohon, mengembangkan model alometrik biomassa berbasis TLS, serta mengestimasi biomassa dan stok karbon pada tegakan Jati Klon di KHDTK Wanagama I.

Penelitian dilakukan pada empat titik pemindaian di Petak 13 KHDTK Wanagama I menggunakan TLS Trimble SX10 dengan metode multi-scan. Data point cloud diproses melalui registrasi, segmentasi pohon menggunakan TreeIso, pemisahan daun dan kayu menggunakan LeWoS, serta rekonstruksi Quantitative Structure Model (TreeQSM). Biomassa dihitung dari konversi volume TreeQSM menggunakan kerapatan kayu 0,50 g cm?³ sebagai variabel respons dalam pengembangan empat model alometrik non-linear. Kalibrasi dilakukan menggunakan 55 pohon dan validasi menggunakan 20 pohon.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa TLS mampu mengestimasi diameter setinggi dada (Diameter at Breast Height/DBH) dan tinggi pohon dengan RMSE masing-masing 0,860 cm dan 1,568 m. Biomassa hasil TLS-QSM memiliki hubungan yang kuat dengan biomassa berdasarkan persamaan Purwanto dan Silaban (2011) (RMSE = 21,706). Model terbaik diperoleh dari kombinasi diameter dan tinggi pohon (Power D+H) dengan R² sebesar 0,941, RMSE 15,690 kg, MAPE 8,78%, dan rRMSE 8,78%. Model tersebut menghasilkan estimasi biomassa sebesar 138,43 Mg ha?¹ dan stok karbon sebesar 65,06 Mg C ha?¹, sekitar -6,99% lebih rendah dibandingkan persamaan Purwanto dan Silaban (2011). Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa TLS berpotensi menjadi metode non-destruktif yang andal untuk pengembangan model alometrik lokal serta estimasi biomassa dan stok karbon pada tegakan jati.

Accurate estimation of forest biomass and carbon stocks is essential for climate change mitigation and sustainable forest management. Conventional biomass measurement generally relies on destructive methods that require considerable time, cost, and labour. Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) provides a non-destructive alternative capable of capturing three-dimensional tree structures with high accuracy. This study aimed to evaluate the capability of TLS in deriving tree structural parameters, develop TLS-based allometric biomass models, and estimate biomass and carbon stocks in the superior teak plantation at KHDTK Wanagama I.

The study was conducted using four TLS scanning positions in Compartment 13 of KHDTK Wanagama I with a Trimble SX10 scanner employing a multi-scan approach. Point cloud data were processed through registration, individual tree segmentation using TreeIso, leaf–wood separation using LeWoS, and reconstruction of Quantitative Structure Models (TreeQSM). Biomass was estimated by converting TreeQSM-derived volume using a wood density of 0.50 g cm?³ and used as the response variable for developing four non-linear allometric models. Model calibration was performed using 55 trees, while validation was conducted using 20 trees.

The results showed that TLS accurately estimated diameter at breast height (DBH) and tree height, with RMSE values of 0.860 cm and 1.568 m, respectively. Biomass estimated from TLS-QSM exhibited a strong relationship with biomass estimated using the Purwanto and Silaban (2011) allometric equation (RMSE = 21.706). The best-performing model was the Power D+H model, which combines DBH and tree height, achieving an R² of 0.941, an RMSE of 15.690 kg, a MAPE of 8.78%, and an rRMSE of 8.78%. The model estimated an aboveground biomass of 138.43 Mg ha?¹ and a carbon stock of 65.06 Mg C ha?¹, approximately -6,99% lower than the estimate obtained using the Purwanto and Silaban (2011) equation. These findings demonstrate that TLS is a reliable non-destructive approach for developing local allometric models and estimating biomass and carbon stocks in teak plantations.

Kata Kunci : biomassa, model alometrik, stok karbon, Terrestrial Laser Scanning, TreeQSM.