Impregnasi NiO dan CaO pada Fumed Silica Sebagai Katalis pada Transesterifikasi Tripalmitin

Iswatun Hidayanti, Prof. Dr.rer.nat. Nuryono, M.S; Prof. Drs. Sri Juari Santosa, M.Eng., Ph.D.

2026 | Skripsi | KIMIA

Dalam penelitian ini dikaji pengaruh perbedaan rute impregnasi NiO dan CaO pada fumed silica terhadap karakteristik fisik-kimia katalis dan kinerjanya dalam reaksi transesterifikasi tripalmitin menjadi metil palmitat. Kalsium oksida (CaO) yang disintesis dari cangkang telur  melalui proses kalsinasi pada suhu 1000 °C selama 5 jam, kemudian digunakan sebagai komponen aktif bersama NiO dan fumed silica (Fs)  sebagai  penyangga. Katalis dibuat melalui tiga variasi rute impregnasi, yaitu CaO-NiO/Fs (ko-impregnasi), CaO/NiO/Fs (impregnasi NiO diikuti CaO) dan NiO/CaO/Fs (impregnasi CaO diikuti NiO). Hasilnya kemudian dikarakterisasi dengan beberapa instrumen yaitu FTIR, XRD, SAA, FESEM-EDX mapping, CO?-TPD, dan NH?-TPD, sedangkan produk reaksi transesterifikasi dianalisis dengan GC-FID.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa katalis berhasil disintesis dengan tiga variasi rute impregnasi yang berbeda. Katalis CaO-NiO/Fs memiliki luas permukaan 6,86 m²/g dan dalam produksi metil palmitat, CaO-NiO/Fs menunjukkan kinerja katalis terbaik dengan hasil yang diperoleh sebesar 90% pada kondisi reaksi suhu 50 °C, waktu reaksi 120 menit dan massa katalis 30 mg. Katalis CaO-NiO/Fs setelah penggunaan ulang 3x masih efektif dan menunjukkan keberadaan ikatan utama M-O, meskipun aktivitasnya menurun dan terdapat indikasi hidrasi dan karbonasi sebagian. 

     

The study examined the effect of different impregnation routes of NiO and CaO  on fumed silica on the physicochemical characteristics of the catalyst and its performance in the transesterification reaction of tripalmitin to methyl palmitate. Calcium oxide (CaO) synthesized from eggshell through a calcination process at 1,000 °C for 5 hours, was then used as the active component along with NiO and fumed silica (fs) as a support. The catalysts was prepared through three variations of the impregnation routes: CaO-NiO/Fs (co-impregnation). CaO/NiO/Fs (impregnation of NiO followed by CaO), and NiO/CaO/Fs (impregnation of CaO followed by NiO). The resulting were then characterized using FTIR, XRD, SAA, FESEM EDX Mapping, CO?-TPD, and NH?-TPD, while the transesterification reaction products were analyzed by GC-FID.

The results showed that the catalysts was successfully synthesized with three different impregnation routes variation. The CaO-NiO/Fs catalyst had a surface area of 6.86 m²/g and in the production of methyl palmitate, CaO-NiO/Fs showed the best catalyst performance with a yield of 90% at a reaction temperature 50 °C, a reaction time of 120 minutes and a catalyst mass of 30 mg. The CaO-NiO/Fs catalyst after 3x reuse was still effective and showed the presence of the main M-O bond, although its activity desreased and there were indications of partial hydration and carbonation.

Kata Kunci : kalsium oksida, metil palmitat, tripalmitin, transesterifikasi.