Identifikasi Mekanisme Fisiologis Dehidrasi Laten pada Tomat (Solanum lycopersicum) dalam Kemasan Aktif Termodifikasi (A-MAP) berbasis Oxygen Absorber

Agus Dwi Prasetyo, Dr. Fahrizal Yusuf Affandi, S.T.P., M.Sc.

2026 | Tugas Akhir | D4 Pengembangan Produk Agroindustri

Penyimpanan tomat (Solanum lycopersicum) sering terkendala oleh penurunan mutu akibat penyimpanan dingin (<12°C). Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi mekanisme fisiologis dehidrasi laten atau tersembunyi pada tomat dalam Kemasan Aktif Termodifikasi (A-MAP) berbasis oxygen absorber. Pengujian menggunakan variasi konsentrasi absorber (negatif, 0, 100, 200, dan 300 cc) selama fase penyimpanan dingin serta relative humidity (RH) (40%, 70%, dan 95%) selama fase umur simpan. Model Principal Component Analysis (PCA) mengindikasikan bahwa perlakuan optimal adalah kombinasi absorber 100-200 cc dengan rentang RH 40% hingga RH 70%. Analisis temporal mengidentifikasi efek residu absorber cenderung menahan dehidrasi di fase laten hingga hari ke-15. Memasuki hari ke-18 hingga akhir hari ke-22, efek absorber tidak teridentifikasi. Selain itu, muncul faktor lain ketika RH tinggi yaitu tumbuhnya spora jamur. Pada fase ini, susut bobot cenderung berkolerasi menurunkan ketegaran, tingkat kemerahan, dan Water Contact Angle (WCA), serta meningkatkan Chilling Injury Index (CII). Bersamaan hal itu, efek RH teramati meluas dari hanya memengaruhi permukaan luar menjadi berdampak ke seluruh parameter mutu. Kesimpulannya, mengidentifikasi transisi dehidrasi dari fase laten ke termanifestasi dapat menjadi simulasi pertimbangan degradasi dan kelayakan mutu tomat pada A-MAP.

The storage of tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum) is often hindered by quality deterioration caused by cold storage (<12°C). This study aims to identify the physiological mechanisms of latent or hidden dehydration in tomatoes where stored using oxygen absorber-based Active Modified Atmosphere Packaging (A-MAP). The experiment utilized various absorber capacities (negative, 0, 100, 200, and 300 cc) during the cold storage phase, alongside variations in relative humidity (RH) (40%, 70%, and 95%) during the shelf-life phase. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) model indicated that the optimal treatment was a combination of 100-200 cc absorbers with an RH range of 40% to 70%. Temporal analysis identified that the residual effect of the absorbers tended to suppress dehydration during the latent phase up to day 15. From day 18 through the end of day 22, the absorber effect was no longer detectable. Furthermore, another factor emerged under high RH conditions, specifically the growth of fungal spores. During this phase, weight loss tended to correlate with a decrease in firmness, redness, and Water Contact Angle (WCA), as well as an increase in the Chilling Injury Index (CII). Simultaneously, the effect of RH was observed to extend beyond merely affecting the outer surface, ultimately impacting overall quality parameters. In conclusion, identifying the transition of dehydration from the latent to the manifested phase can serve as a simulative consideration for evaluating the degradation and quality viability of tomatoes in A-MAP.

Kata Kunci : Active Modified Atmosphere Packaging (a-MAP), Dehidrasi Laten, Oxygen Absorber, Relative Humidity, Susut Bobot, Tomat