ALUR DISTRIBUSI MANFAAT DAN MULTIPLIER EFFECT PADA PARIWISATA BERBASIS MASYARAKAT: STUDI KASUS PUNCAK SOSOK, YOGYAKARTA

Raffi Favian Alfikri, Mohamad Rachmadian Narotama, S.T., M.Sc., Ph.D.

2026 | Skripsi | PARIWISATA

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bentuk alokasi pendapatan, mekanisme distribusi manfaat ekonomi, serta besaran nilai pengganda ekonomi (multiplier effect) pada pariwisata berbasis masyarakat (Community-Based Tourism/CBT) di Wisata Puncak Sosok, Padukuhan Jambon, Desa Bawuran, Kecamatan Pleret, Kabupaten Bantul, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan mixed method, dengan pengumpulan data kualitatif melalui wawancara semi-terstruktur kepada pengelola dan pemilik warung, serta data kuantitatif melalui kuesioner kepada 84 wisatawan dan tenaga kerja Puncak Sosok pada periode 1 Maret–30 April 2026. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Puncak Sosok telah membangun sistem alokasi pendapatan yang terstruktur dan transparan, serta mekanisme distribusi manfaat ekonomi berbasis Direct Service Fee yang melibatkan lebih dari 140 warga lokal dalam enam divisi operasional. Perhitungan nilai pengganda ekonomi menunjukkan Keynesian Income Multiplier (KIM) sebesar 0,312, Income Ratio Multiplier I sebesar 1,413, dan Income Ratio Multiplier II sebesar 1,47, yang mengindikasikan bahwa meskipun kegiatan pariwisata di Puncak Sosok memberikan manfaat ekonomi yang signifikan bagi pendapatan pelaku usaha dan tenaga kerja lokal, terdapat pula indikasi kebocoran ekonomi (economic leakage) pada level agregat yang perlu ditelusuri lebih lanjut melalui perbaikan metode pengukuran pada penelitian mendatang. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi referensi berbasis bukti bagi pengelola destinasi dan pemerintah daerah dalam merancang strategi pengembangan pariwisata berbasis masyarakat yang lebih berpihak pada kesejahteraan masyarakat lokal.

This study aims to examine the form of income allocation, the mechanism of economic benefit distribution, and the magnitude of the tourism multiplier effect within Community-Based Tourism (CBT) at Puncak Sosok, Jambon Hamlet, Bawuran Village, Pleret Subdistrict, Bantul Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta. This study employed a mixed-method approach, with qualitative data collected through semi-structured interviews with the site manager and food-stall owners, and quantitative data collected through questionnaires distributed to 84 tourists and Puncak Sosok's workforce during the period of March 1–April 30, 2026. The findings indicate that Puncak Sosok has established a structured and transparent income allocation system, alongside an economic benefit distribution mechanism based on a Direct Service Fee model that involves more than 140 local residents across six operational divisions. The multiplier effect calculation yielded a Keynesian Income Multiplier (KIM) of 0.312, an Income Ratio Multiplier I of 1.413, and an Income Ratio Multiplier II of 1.47, indicating that while tourism activities at Puncak Sosok generate significant economic benefits for local business owners and workers, there are also indications of economic leakage at the aggregate level that warrant further investigation through improved measurement methods in future research. This study is expected to serve as an evidence-based reference for destination managers and local governments in designing community-based tourism development strategies that better prioritize local community welfare.

Kata Kunci : Kata kunci: pariwisata berbasis masyarakat, distribusi manfaat ekonomi, multiplier effect, Keynesian Income Multiplier, Puncak Sosok.