Keanekaragaman Lumut Epifit di Lereng Barat Gunung Merapi, Resort Dukun, Magelang, Jawa Tengah

Brigitta Nivangelista Prasetya Putri, Drs. Heri Sujadmiko, M.Si.

2026 | Skripsi | BIOLOGI

Gunung Merapi yang terletak di perbatasan Provinsi Jawa Tengah dan Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta memiliki karakteristik lingkungan yang mendukung pertumbuhan berbagai jenis flora, termasuk lumut epifit. Penelitian lumut di Gunung Merapi telah dilakukan pada lereng tenggara dan utara, informasi mengenai lumut epifit di lereng barat masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi spesies lumut epifit serta menganalisis keanekaragaman dan pola distribusinya di Resort Dukun, Taman Nasional Gunung Merapi, pada ketinggian 931–1072  meter di atas permukaan laut. Inventarisasi dilakukan dengan metode eksplorasi, sedangkan analisis vegetasi menggunakan metode kuadrat secara acak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat 15 spesies lumut epifit yang terdiri atas lumut daun dan lumut hati, yaitu Leucobryum javense, Leucobryum scalare, Pyrrhobryum spiniforme, Octoblepharum albidum, Fissidens braunii, Campylopus umbellatus, Dicranum scoparium, Acroporium hyalinum, Sematophyllum subpinnatum, Campylopus flexsuosus, Trismegistia lancifolia, Isopterygium applanatum, Gemmabryum coarctatum, Lejeunea sordida, Riccardia chamedryfolia. Distribusi spesies memperlihatkan pola mengelompok maupun lebih merata pada empat jenis substrat, dengan Pinus merkusii sebagai pohon inang yang paling banyak ditempati. Acroporium hyalinum merupakan spesies yang paling dominan berdasarkan Nilai Penting (NP). Proses identifikasi menghasilkan informasi taksonomi, karakter morfologi, life-form, growth form, distribusi, dan habitat setiap spesies. Penelitian ini menyediakan data dasar mengenai keanekaragaman dan distribusi lumut epifit di lereng barat Gunung Merapi yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber informasi ilmiah, serta mendukung penelitian lanjutan, konservasi, dan pengelolaan ekosistem hutan pegunungan.

Mount Merapi, located on the border between Central Java Province and the Special Region of Yogyakarta, has environmental characteristics that support the growth of various types of flora, including epiphytic mosses. Research on mosses on Mount Merapi has been conducted on the southeast and northern slopes, information regarding epiphytic mosses on the western slope remains limited. This study aims to identify epiphytic moss species and analyze their diversity and distribution patterns in the Dukun Resort, Mount Merapi National Park, at elevations of 931–1072 meters above sea level. The inventory was conducted using an exploratory method, while vegetation analysis employed the random quadrat method. The results show that there are 15 species of epiphytic bryophyetes, consisting of bryopsida and liverworts, namely Leucobryum javense, Leucobryum scalare, Pyrrhobryum spiniforme, Octoblepharum albidum, Fissidens braunii, Campylopus umbellatus, Dicranum scoparium, Acroporium hyalinum, Sematophyllum subpinnatum, Campylopus flexsuosus, Trismegistia lancifolia, Isopterygium applanatum, Gemmabryum coarctatum, Lejeunea sordida, Riccardia chamedryfolia. Species distribution exhibited both clustered and more even patterns across the four substrate types, with Pinus merkusii being the most frequently occupied host tree. Acroporium hyalinum is the most dominant species based on Importance Value (IV). The identification process yielded information on the taxonomy, morphological characteristics, life form, growth form, distribution, and habitat of each species. This study provides baseline data on the diversity and distribution of epiphytic mosses on the western slopes of Mount Merapi, which can be used as a source of scientific information and support further research, conservation, and management of mountain forest ecosystems.

Kata Kunci : Keanekaragaman, lereng barat, lumut epifit, Gunung Merapi.