Efektivitas Fotoprotektif Losion UVB Mikroenkapsulat Ekstrak Bunga Telang (Clitoria ternatea L.) Terhadap Struktur Dermis Tikus Putih Rattus norvegicus (Berkenhout 1769)

Izka Nabila, Prof. Dra. Rarastoeti Pratiwi, M. Sc., Ph.D.; Dr. Ardaning Nuriliani, S.Si, M.Kes.

2026 | Skripsi | BIOLOGI

Paparan sinar ultraviolet (UV), terutama UVB merupakan faktor utama penyebab photoaging, yang ditandai dengan degradasi kolagen, penebalan epidermis dan penipisan dermis, serta kerusakan folikel rambut. Bunga telang  dengan nama ilmiah Clitoria ternatea L. kaya akan antosianin dan flavonoid yang berpotensi sebagai agen fotoprotektif alami, namun stabilitasnya perlu ditingkatkan melalui teknologi mikroenkapsulasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji efektivitas fotoprotektif losion UVB mikroenkapsulat ekstrak bunga telang terhadap kualitas dermis tikus putih Rattus norvegicus yang dipapar sinar UVB, menentukan konsentrasi optimal, serta menilai tingkat penerimaan panelis berdasarkan aspek tekstur, warna, dan aroma pada losion UVB. Penelitian menggunakan 7 kelompok perlakuan pada tikus jantan (usia 10–12 minggu). Hasil menunjukkan bahwa paparan radiasi UVB menyebabkan penurunan signifikan terhadap diameter serabut kolagen. Formula losion UVB F2 (penambahan mikroenkapsulat ekstrak bunga telang 5000 µL) memberikan efek protektif terbaik dengan diameter serabut kolagen 11,787 ± 1,841 ?m, serta rasio epidermis dan dermis dengan ketebalan kulit total sebesar 0,046 ± 0,005 dan 0,953 ± 0,005. Hasil tersebut tidak berbeda jauh dengan kontrol sehat dengan nilai diameter serabut kolagen sebesar 12,559 ± 1,947 ?m,  serta rasio epidermis dan dermis dengan ketebalan kulit total sebesar 0,032 ± 0,004 dan 0,967 ± 0,004. Kepadatan folikel rambut F2 juga memiliki nilai yang paling mendekati kontrol sehat. Efektivitas F2 berkorelasi dengan indeks polidispersitas mikropartikel terendah (0,7) yang menunjukkan distribusi ukuran partikel paling seragam. Uji hedonik menunjukkan formulasi F3 (dengan penambahan mikroenkapsulat ekstrak bunga telang 10000 µL) memiliki tingkat kesukaan tertinggi dari 20 panelis dari aspek warna, aroma, dan tekstur. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut, losion UVB mikroenkapsulat ekstrak bunga telang, khususnya formula losion UVB F2, efektif sebagai memberikan fotoproteksi pada struktur dermis tikus dari kerusakan akibat paparan radiasi UVB.

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation, especially UVB is a major factor causing photoaging, characterized by collagen degradation, epidermal thickening and dermal thinning, as well as damage to hair follicles. Butterfly pea (Clitoria ternatea L.) flower is rich in anthocyanins and flavonoids, which have potential as natural photoprotective agents; however, their stability needs to be enhanced through microencapsulation technology. This study aimed to evaluate the photoprotective effectiveness of UVB lotion containing microencapsulated butterfly pea flower extract on the dermal quality of albino rats (Rattus norvegicus) exposed to UVB radiation, determine the optimal concentration, and assess panelists' acceptance levels based on texture, color, and aroma aspects of the UVB lotion. The study utilized 7 treatment groups on male rats (aged 10–12 weeks). The results showed the UVB lotion formula F2 (with the addition of 5000 µL microencapsulated butterfly pea flower extract) provided the best protective effect, with a collagen fiber diameter of 11.787 ± 1.841 ?m, and epidermis-to-total skin thickness and dermis-to-total skin thickness ratios (µm/µm) of 0.046 ± 0.005 and 0.953 ± 0.005, respectively. These results were not significantly different from the healthy control group, which had a collagen fiber diameter of 12.559 ± 1.947 ?m, and epidermis and dermis ratios to total skin thickness of 0.032 ± 0.004 and 0.967 ± 0.004, respectively. Hair follicle density in F2 also showed values closest to the healthy control. The effectiveness of F2 correlated with the lowest polydispersity index of microparticles (0.7), indicating the most uniform particle size distribution. Hedonic tests showed that formulation F3 (with the addition of 10000 µL microencapsulated butterfly pea flower extract) had the highest preference level among 20 panelists in terms of color, aroma, and texture. Based on these findings, the UVB lotion containing microencapsulated butterfly pea flower extract, particularly formulation F2, is effective in providing photoprotection to the dermal structure of rats against UVB radiation-induced damage.

Kata Kunci : Clitoria ternatea L., mikroenkapsulasi, photoaging, losion UVB, radiasi UVB, fotoprotektif