Evaluasi Pemberian Pakan Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) Terhadap Histopatologi dan Populasi Bakteri Kolon pada Tikus Wistar (Rattus Norvegicus Berkenhout, 1769) Model Diabetes Melitus Kronis

Lusiyana Prihatini, Woro Anindito Sri Tunjung, S.Si., M.Sc., Ph.D.

2026 | Skripsi | BIOLOGI

Diabetes melitus merupakan penyakit metabolik yang ditandai hiperglikemia kronis dan dapat memengaruhi kondisi kolon melalui peningkatan stres oksidatif, inflamasi, serta perubahan komposisi bakteri. Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) mengandung serat dan senyawa bioaktif yang berpotensi membantu memperbaiki kondisi tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh pakan okra terhadap kondisi kolon tikus model diabetes melitus kronis. Penelitian menggunakan tikus jantan galur Wistar yang dibagi menjadi empat kelompok, yaitu normal (N), diabetes melitus (DM), diabetes melitus + metformin (DMet), dan diabetes melitus + pakan okra (DO). Perlakuan diberikan selama lima minggu. Parameter yang diamati meliputi kadar glukosa darah, berat badan, konsumsi pakan, histopatologi kolon, serta karakteristik populasi bakteri kolon melalui Total Plate Count (TPC), morfologi koloni, pewarnaan Gram, dan media selektif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian pakan okra menurunkan kadar glukosa darah dan mempertahankan berat badan dibandingkan kelompok DM. Secara histopatologi, struktur kolon pada seluruh kelompok masih relatif utuh, namun kelompok DM menunjukkan kecenderungan peningkatan skor histopatologi, infiltrasi sel inflamasi, pemendekan kripta, dan penurunan ketebalan mukosa. Kelompok DO memiliki panjang kripta yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelompok DM, sedangkan ketebalan mukosa belum berbeda nyata. Karakteristik populasi bakteri kolon menunjukkan adanya variasi antar kelompok, tetapi jumlah total bakteri tidak berbeda signifikan. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemberian pakan okra berpotensi membantu mempertahankan kondisi kolon pada tikus diabetes melitus kronis melalui perbaikan kontrol glikemik, pemeliharaan panjang kripta kolon, dan kecenderungan modulasi karakteristik populasi bakteri kolon, meskipun belum menunjukkan perbaikan histopatologi kolon secara menyeluruh.

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia that may affect colonic health through increased oxidative stress, inflammation, and alterations in the bacterial community. Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) contains dietary fiber and bioactive compounds that may help alleviate these conditions. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of an okra-supplemented diet on the colonic condition of a chronic diabetes mellitus rat model. Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: normal (N), diabetes mellitus (DM), diabetes mellitus treated with metformin (DMet), and diabetes mellitus treated with an okra-supplemented diet (DO). Treatments were administered for five weeks. The evaluated parameters included blood glucose levels, body weight, feed intake, colon histopathology, and the characteristics of the colonic bacterial population assessed through Total Plate Count (TPC), colony morphology, Gram staining, and selective culture media. The results showed that the okra-supplemented diet reduced blood glucose levels and better maintained body weight compared with the DM group. Histopathological examination revealed that the overall colonic architecture remained relatively intact in all groups. However, the DM group tended to exhibit higher histopathological scores, increased inflammatory cell infiltration, shorter crypt length, and reduced mucosal thickness. The DO group exhibited greater crypt length than the DM group, whereas mucosal thickness was not significantly different. The characteristics of the colonic bacterial population varied among groups, although the total bacterial count did not differ significantly. In conclusion, an okra-supplemented diet has the potential to help maintain colonic health in chronic diabetic rats by improving glycemic control, preserving colonic crypt length, and showing a tendency to modulate the characteristics of the colonic bacterial population, although it did not result in an overall improvement in colonic histopathology.

Kata Kunci : Abelmoschus esculentus L., bakteri kolon, diabetes melitus, histopatologi kolon, tikus Wistar.