EVALUASI KINERJA STRUKTURAL BANGUNAN PASAR PAGI DI JAKARTA BERDASARKAN STANDAR ASCE 41-17 DAN ALTERNATIF RETROFITTING

Jackson Agustiar, Ir. Ashar Saputra, S.T., M.T., Ph.D., IPM, ASEAN.Eng.

2026 | Skripsi | TEKNIK SIPIL

Evaluasi ini dilatarbelakangi oleh tingginya kerawanan gempa di Indonesia akibat posisi geografisnya di pertemuan empat lempeng tektonik aktif, yaitu Eurasia, Indo-Australia, Pasifik, dan Mikro Filipina, yang mengancam bangunan peninggalan regulasi lama terhadap risiko kegagalan getas (brittle failure). Rumusan masalah evaluasi berpusat pada apakah komponen struktural Gedung Pasar Pagi memenuhi kriteria penerimaan standar ASCE 41-17 dan SNI 9273:2025 pada tingkat bahaya seismik BSE-1E dan BSE-2E melalui prosedur Screening (Tier 1) dan Deficiency-Based Evaluation (Tier 2), serta apa metode retrofitting yang efektif. Tujuan evaluasi adalah mengevaluasi kapasitas aktual struktur eksisting dan merencanakan opsi perkuatan untuk memastikan pemenuhan target kinerja Life safety (LS) dan Collapse Prevention (CP).

Metode evaluasi dimulai dengan memperoleh data hasil survei lapangan non-destructive test (NDT) seperti ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), brinell test dan hammer test  dan destructive test (DT) seperti core drill. Setelah data material diperoleh, dilakukan pemodelan 3D menggunakan perangkat lunak ETABS v22. Dalam tahap ini, pemodelan tidak hanya berfokus pada geometri, tetapi juga pada sifat mekanis elemen struktur yang disesuaikan dengan kondisi retak (cracked section properties) sesuai pedoman ASCE 41. Analisis beban gempa menggunakan prosedur dinamik linier (LDP) metode respons spektrum. Teknik analisis data meliputi evaluasi checklist konfigurasi dasar, penapisan awal Tier 1, dilanjutkan analisis mendalam Tier 2 pada komponen yang mengalami defisiensi, hingga evaluasi pasca-retrofitting.

Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan kondisi eksisting berstatus tidak memenuhi (Non-Compliant) pada Tier 1 akibat masalah tegangan geser kolom, captive columns, dan kegagalan geser balok. Analisis Tier 2 mengonfirmasi defisit kapasitas geser pada komponen kolom serta balok representatif. Kesimpulan evaluasi menunjukkan bahwa penerapan tiga skema retrofitting yaitu pemasangan bracing baja tipe X arah-Y, concrete jacketing kolom dan concrete jacketing balok berhasil memulihkan kapasitas struktur. Verifikasi pasca-perkuatan membuktikan seluruh komponen kini memenuhi seluruh kriteria keselamatan yang disyaratkan oleh ASCE 41-17 pada level BSE-1E dan BSE-2E.

This evaluation is motivated by Indonesia's high seismic vulnerability resulting from its geographical position at the convergence of four active tectonic plates: Eurasia, Indo-Australia, Pacific, and the Philippine Microplate. This condition poses a significant threat of brittle failure to legacy structures built under outdated regulations. The core problem evaluates whether the structural components of the Pasar Pagi Building satisfy the acceptance criteria of ASCE 41-17 and SNI 9273:2025 standards at the BSE-1E and BSE-2E seismic hazard levels using Tier 1 Screening and Tier 2 Deficiency-Based Evaluation procedures, while determining effective retrofitting methods. The objective is to evaluate the actual capacity of the existing structure and design retrofitting options to ensure compliance with Life Safety (LS) and Collapse Prevention (CP) performance targets.

The methodology begins with gathering field data from non-destructive testing (NDT) such as ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), brinell hardness testing, and hammer testing as well as destructive testing (DT) via core drilling. Following material data acquisition, 3D structural modeling was performed using ETABS v22 software. In this stage, the modeling focuses not only on geometry but also on the mechanical properties of structural elements, adjusted for cracked section properties according to ASCE 41 guidelines. Seismic load analysis was conducted using the linear dynamic procedure (LDP) via the response spectrum method. Data analysis techniques encompass the evaluation of basic configuration checklists, Tier 1 initial screening, followed by an in-depth Tier 2 analysis of deficient components, and concluding with a post-retrofit evaluation.

Evaluation results indicate that the existing condition is categorized as "Non-Compliant" at the Tier 1 level due to issues regarding column shear stress, captive columns, and beam shear failure. The Tier 2 analysis confirms a deficit in shear capacity within representative column and beam components. The study concludes that the application of three retrofitting schemes specifically the installation of X-type steel bracing in the Y-direction, concrete jacketing of columns, and concrete jacketing of beams successfully restores the structure's capacity. Post-retrofitting verification demonstrates that all components now meet the safety criteria mandated by ASCE 41-17 at both the BSE-1E and BSE-2E levels.

Kata Kunci : Evaluasi Seismik, ASCE 41-17, Bangunan Eksisting, Retrofitting, Concrete Jacketing, Bracing Baja.