EKOLOGI SOSIAL DALAM PENGELOLAAN SUMBER DAYA ALAM DI DESA SUMBER KECAMATAN DUKUN MAGELANG JAWA TENGAH

Winter Ford Purba, Ir. Wahyu Tri Widayanti, S.Hut., M.P., IPU.

2026 | Skripsi | KEHUTANAN

Penelitian ini mengkaji ekologi sosial dalam pengelolaan sumber daya alam di Desa Sumber, Kecamatan Dukun, Kabupaten Magelang, yang terletak di lereng Gunung Merapi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi bentuk-bentuk pemanfaatan sumber daya alam dan menganalisis strategi adaptasi masyarakat dalam pengelolaan sumber daya alam.

Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi, wawancara mendalam, dan studi dokumentasi. Terdapat 16 informan yang dipilih secara purposive. Data primer mencakup bentuk pemanfaatan sumber daya alam (lahan, air, material tambang) dan strategi adaptasi masyarakat dalam pengelolaan SDA (aspek fisik, sosial-budaya, kelembagaan, ekonomi), dan data sekunder berupa monografi desa. Analisis data menggunakan model Miles dan Huberman.

Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pemanfaatan sumber daya alam oleh masyarakat Desa Sumber meliputi empat bentuk utama, yaitu pemanfaatan lahan pertanian, hutan rakyat, sumber mata air, penambangan material alam berupa pasir dan batu, yang menjadi penopang utama kehidupan ekonomi sebagian masyarakat. Pemanfaatan tersebut bersifat dinamis, ditandai dengan pergeseran ke komoditas bernilai ekonomi tinggi pengelolaan berbasis kebutuhan dan kondisi lingkungan. Adaptasi masyarakat dalam pengelolaan sumber daya alam, meliputi penyesuaian pola tanam dan perbaikan irigasi pada sektor pertanian, penerapan agroforestri pada hutan rakyat, perlindungan sumber air, pembentukan sistem kelembagaan lokal, dan diversifikasi mata pencaharian dan pemanfaatan kembali lahan bekas tambang. Masyarakat memiliki kemampuan adaptasi yang baik dalam merespons perubahan lingkungan dan sosial ekonomi, namun masih menghadapi beberapa tantangan seperti perubahan kondisi lahan akibat erupsi Gunung Merapi, tekanan ekonomi, dan dinamika kebijakan daerah, dalam menjaga keberlanjutan pengelolaan SDA.

This study examines social ecology in natural resource management in Sumber Village, Dukun District, Magelang Regency, located on the slopes of Mount Merapi. The objectives of this study are to identify the forms of natural resource utilization and to analyze community adaptation strategies in natural resource management.

This research employed a qualitative approach using a case study method. Data were collected through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation studies. A total of 16 informants were selected purposively. Primary data included forms of natural resource utilization (land, water, and mining materials) and community adaptation strategies in natural resource management (physical, socio-cultural, institutional, and economic aspects), while secondary data consisted of village monographs. Data were analyzed using the Miles and Huberman model.

The results show that the utilization of natural resources by the community of Sumber Village consists of four main forms: agricultural land use, community forest management, spring water utilization, and the extraction of natural materials such as sand and stone, which serve as major sources of livelihood for a portion of the community. These utilization practices are dynamic, characterized by a shift toward high-value economic commodities and management practices that are adapted to community needs and environmental conditions. Community adaptation strategies in natural resource management include adjusting cropping patterns and improving irrigation systems in the agricultural sector, implementing agroforestry practices in community forests, protecting water sources, establishing local institutional systems, diversifying livelihoods, and reclaiming former mining lands. The community demonstrates a strong adaptive capacity in responding to environmental and socio-economic changes. However, several challenges remain, including changes in land conditions caused by Mount Merapi eruptions, economic pressures, and regional policy dynamics, which affect the sustainability of natural resource management.

Kata Kunci : ekologi sosial, reklamasi tambang, adaptasi masyarakat.