PRARANCANGAN PABRIK TRIS(2-KLOROETIL) FOSFAT DARI FOSFOR OKSIKLORIDA DAN ETILEN OKSIDA DENGAN KAPASITAS 10.000 TON/TAHUN

Reza Pramban Danu, Prof. Ir. Rochim Bakti Cahyono, ST., M.Sc. Ph.D., IPM.

2026 | Skripsi | TEKNIK KIMIA

Ketergantungan Indonesia terhadap impor tris(2-kloroetil) fosfat (TCEP) sebagai flame retardant dan plasticizer pada industri polimer mendorong pendirian pabrik TCEP dalam negeri untuk mengurangi ketergantungan impor dan mendorong kemandirian industri kimia nasional. Pabrik dirancang berkapasitas 10.000 ton/tahun, mengacu pada pertumbuhan permintaan pasar flame retardant fosfat halogenasi di Asia-Pasifik sebesar 6,3% per tahun (2025–2034) serta konsumsi domestik Indonesia yang diperkirakan 1.500–2.000 ton/tahun. TCEP disintesis melalui esterifikasi nukleofilik langsung antara fosfor oksiklorida (POCl?) yang dipenuhi melalui impor dan etilen oksida hasil oksidasi etilen pada pabrik sendiri. Berdasarkan analisis yang dilakukan, pabrik membutuhkan Fixed Capital Investment sebesar USD 40.713.318,84 dan Working Capital sebesar USD 20.351.592,02, sehingga Total Capital Investment yang diperlukan adalah USD 61.064.910,95, dengan hasil penjualan tahunan sebesar USD 112.911.958,43. Analisis kelayakan ekonomi menunjukkan ROI before tax sebesar 44,21?n after tax 34,48%, Pay Out Time (POT) before tax 1,84 tahun dan after tax 2,25 tahun, Discounted Cash Flow Rate of Return (DCFRR) sebesar 36,64%, serta Net Present Value (NPV) positif sebesar USD 93.520.783,42 pada tingkat suku bunga bank 5,75%. Pabrik diperkirakan mencapai titik impas (Break Even Point) pada kapasitas 39,78?n akan menguntungkan untuk dihentikan jika kapasitas turun di bawah Shut Down Point sebesar 22,07%. Analisis sensitivitas menunjukkan kelayakan pabrik tetap terjaga pada seluruh skenario perubahan ±30% variabel raw material, fixed capital, dan operating labor, namun penurunan harga jual produk lebih dari 20% menyebabkan DCFRR turun di bawah Minimum Attractive Rate of Return (MARR) sebesar 15%. Dengan demikian, pabrik tris(2-kloroetil) fosfat dari fosfor oksiklorida dan etilen oksida berkapasitas 10.000 ton/tahun layak secara ekonomi dan menarik untuk didirikan.

Indonesia’s reliance on imports of tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) as a flame retardant and plasticizer in the polymer industry has driven the establishment of a domestic TCEP plant to reduce import dependence and promote the self-reliance of the national chemical industry. The plant is designed with a capacity of 10,000 metric tons per year, based on the projected 6.3% annual growth in market demand for halogenated phosphate flame retardants in the Asia-Pacific region (2025–2034) and Indonesia’s estimated domestic consumption of 1,500–2,000 metric tons per year. TCEP is synthesized through direct nucleophilic esterification between phosphorus oxychloride (POCl?)—which is sourced through imports—and ethylene oxide produced by the company’s own ethylene oxidation plant. Based on the analysis conducted, the plant requires a Fixed Capital Investment of USD 40,713,318.84 and Working Capital of USD 20,351,592.02, resulting in a Total Capital Investment of USD 61,064,910.95, with annual sales revenue of USD 112,911,958.43. The economic feasibility analysis shows a pre-tax ROI of 44.21% and a post-tax ROI of 34.48%, a pre-tax Payback Period (POT) of 1.84 years and a post-tax Payback Period of 2.25 years, a Discounted Cash Flow Rate of Return (DCFRR) of 36.64%, and a positive Net Present Value (NPV) of USD 93,520,783.42 at a bank interest rate of 5.75%. The plant is projected to reach the break-even point at 39.78?pacity and would be profitable to shut down if capacity falls below the shutdown point of 22.07%. Sensitivity analysis indicates that the plant’s feasibility remains intact across all scenarios involving ±30% changes in raw material, fixed capital, and operating labor variables; however, a decrease in the product’s selling price of more than 20?uses the DCFRR to fall below the Minimum Attractive Rate of Return (MARR) of 15%. Thus, the tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate plant, which produces tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate from phosphorus oxychloride and ethylene oxide with a capacity of 10,000 metric tons per year, is economically viable and attractive to establish.

Kata Kunci : tris(2-kloroetil) fosfat; flame retardant; fosfor oksiklorida